Two-stage wrinkling of Al films deposited on polymer substrates

Wu, Kai; Yuan, Haozhi; Li, S.J.; Zhang, J.Y.; Liu, Guoming; Sun, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2018.12.016

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The previous studies showed that the sputtering process can lead to obvious temperature rise of the sample surface mainly because of the following three reasons. − First, the sputtered atoms usually possess a higher kinetic energy (several eV) compared to evaporated atoms (∼0.1 eV). The kinetic energy will transform into thermal energy after the metal atoms are deposited onto the substrate surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After deposition, the cooling of the system generates a high compressive stress in the film because the thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS (∼3 × 10 –4 K –1 ) is much larger than that of the molybdenum film (∼6 × 10 –6 K –1 ), leading to periodic surface wrinkling. Therefore, the wrinkling patterns can be widely observed in the metal film sputter deposited on soft PDMS substrates. − It should be noted here that the copper grids are only used to prepare periodic thickness-gradient films but have no obvious effect on the film wrinkling. Furthermore, the variation of thermal stress has almost no influence on the formation and morphology of the wrinkle pattern because the critical wrinkling stress is much smaller than the thermal stress and the wrinkle orientation is only dependent on the stress anisotropy and loading history.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the stress at the mesh center is isotropic and the edge effect can be negligible (see the following description). It is also reasonable that if the mesh size is infinitely large, the sample surface will become homogeneous and the labyrinth wrinkles are frequently observed because of the isotropic compression. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlled Wrinkling Patterns in Periodic Thickness-Gradient Films on Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates

Shan-xin

Sun

et al. 2019

Langmuir

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Surface wrinkles in homogeneous and heterogeneous film-substrate systems have received intense attention in both science and engineering. Understanding the wrinkling phenomena of heterogeneous systems with continuously variable features is still a challenge. In this work, we propose an unconventional strategy to prepare periodic thickness-gradient metal films on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates by masking of copper grids which are weaved by orthometric copper wires. It is found that a periodic thickness-gradient film spontaneously forms during the sputtering process because of the specific structures of the copper grids. Surface wrinkles are strongly modulated by the copper grid structures and are position-dependent within a period. A phase diagram has been established to correlate the wrinkle morphology with the mesh size and film thickness. The film surfaces at mesh centers are evolved from labyrinth wrinkling to herringbone wrinkling and then to stripe wrinkling and finally to wrinkling-free state when the mesh size decreases and/or the film thickness increases. The morphological characteristics, evolutional behaviors, and underlying mechanisms of such wrinkling are discussed in detail based on the stress theory and numerical simulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlled Wrinkling Patterns in Periodic Thickness-Gradient Films on Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates

Shan-xin

Sun

et al. 2019

Langmuir

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“…Pattern formation and dynamic restructuring under external stresses exerted by the confinements play a critical role in a number of processes in nature. For example, compressive stresses generated by the smooth muscle control the transitions between the types of patternsfrom longitudinal ridges to villiin the lining of the human gut, while many features of phyllotactic patterns in plants can be understood by analyzing mechanical stability of growing elastic sheets undergoing buckling under lateral constraints. − Mechanical instabilities are triggered by sufficiently high compressive stresses, which may arise during growth, expansion, or swelling of soft layers or films under various geometrical constraints. − Specific patterns observed, including surface wrinkling, creasing, and folding, − depend on sizes and shapes of the samples ,,− and can be tailored by imposing the gradients in sample width, thickness, − crosslink density, , elastic modulus, or by introducing dynamic variations in sample properties or external conditions . Bucking plays an important role in defining shapes and properties of various heterogeneous gel-based systems, from controlling three dimensional shape transformations in thin hydrogel sheets with embedded arrays of stripes , to buckling-induced interactions between inclusions in the infinite thin plate. , Buckling-induced shape morphing of responsive hydrogels or hybrid materials incorporating hydrogels can be achieved by tuning gel properties and external conditions, − and snap-through buckling can be generated via transient shape changes during the gel drying …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Adaptability of Patterns in Constrained Hydrogel Membranes

Xiong

Kuksenok

2021

Langmuir

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Pattern formation and dynamic restructuring play a vital role in a plethora of natural processes. Understanding and controlling pattern formation in soft synthetic materials is important for imparting a range of biomimetic functionalities. Using a three-dimensional gel Lattice spring model, we focus on the dynamics of pattern formation and restructuring in thin thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) membranes under mechanical forcing via stretching and compression. A mechanical instability due to the constrained swelling of a polymer network in response to the temperature quench results in out-of-plane buckling of these membranes. The depth of the temperature quench and applied mechanical forcing affect the onset of buckling and postbuckling dynamics. We characterize formation and restructuring of buckling patterns under the stretching and compression by calculating the wavelength and the amplitude of these patterns. We demonstrate dynamic restructuring of the patterns under mechanical forcing and characterize the hysteresis behavior. Our findings show that in the range of the strain rates probed, the wavelength prescribed during the compression remains constant and independent of the sample widths, while the amplitude is regulated dynamically. We demonstrate that significantly smaller wavelengths can be prescribed and sustained dynamically than those achieved in equilibrium in the same systems. We show that an effective membrane thickness may decrease upon compression due to the out-of-plane deformations and pattern restructuring. Our findings point out that mechanical forcing can be harnessed to control the onset of buckling, postbuckling dynamics, and hysteresis phenomena in gel-based systems, introducing novel means of tailoring the functionality of soft structured surfaces and interfaces.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Meanwhile, the wrinkles pattern always are inevitable when the metal films are deposited on soft elastic or liquid substrates because of the residual compression between the metal films and the substrates. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The evolutionary rules of buckling structures are fundamental laws of the universe, whose detection in bilayer films are essential for understanding the structures of organisms and the morphology of planets. [24,25] Generally, wrinkles are first type of buckling structures in bilayer films, which can be stimulated by a minor compressive strain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Buckling Behaviors at the Interface of Liquid–Solid Systems

Meng

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Buckling patterns are universal in organs of living organisms. Moreover, the functional realization of these organs is precisely dependent on the deformation of buckling structures, which is also related to the effect of interfacial interaction between liquid and solid surfaces. However, the detection of synergistic reaction between the buckling pattern and the effect of liquid–solid interface is absent. Herein, an experimental simulation of buckling behaviors at the solid–liquid interface, that is, by depositing Au atoms on liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is developed. Buckling patterns can be directly created at the interface of Au atoms film and liquid PDMS. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the orientation of buckling structures can be strictly controlled depending on the frame edges placed on the surface of the liquid PDMS before the deposition. Various ordered buckling patterns, such as parallel wrinkles pattern, magnetic‐field‐lines‐like buckling pattern, and bionic patterns, can be prepared depending on this buckling behavior. The experimental simulation of the buckling behavior at the liquid–solid interface is well promoted, which may be further helpful in understanding the effect of interfacial interaction between liquid and solid surfaces.

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Two-stage wrinkling of Al films deposited on polymer substrates

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Controlled Wrinkling Patterns in Periodic Thickness-Gradient Films on Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates

Controlled Wrinkling Patterns in Periodic Thickness-Gradient Films on Polydimethylsiloxane Substrates

Mechanical Adaptability of Patterns in Constrained Hydrogel Membranes

Buckling Behaviors at the Interface of Liquid–Solid Systems

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