Two-step ball-milling synthesis of a Si/SiO_x/C composite electrode for lithium ion batteries with excellent long-term cycling stability

Abstract

a SiO x -based anodes have attracted tremendous attention owing to their low cost, higher theoretical capacity than graphite and lower volume expansion than pure silicon. In this work, a simple and cost-effective two-step ball-milling method was proposed to fabricate Si/SiO x /C composites by using commercial SiO and graphite carbon as raw materials. The two-step ball-milling synthesis of the Si/SiO x /C composites can avoid the generation of an inert SiC phase and realize the uniform dispersion of Si/SiO x in graphite carbon, which offers good electrical conductivity and relieves the volume expansion of the Si/SiO x phase. Owing to the synergistic effect of the Si/SiO x phase and the graphite carbon, the typical Si/SiO x /C electrode exhibits a stable and high capacity of 726 mA h g À1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g À1 with a capacity retention of 82%. The two-step ball-milling preparation of the Si/SiO x /C composite provides a facile approach to fabricate high-performance SiO x -based anode materials.

Fabrication of SiOx-G/PAA-PANi/Graphene Composite With Special Cross-Doped Conductive Hydrogels as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

“…In addition, two peaks at 43.4 • and 44.5 • were observed in SiO x samples, corresponding to the characteristic peak of Fe 2 Si, which might be created from the stainless steel ball and Si during the process of ball milling. Similar phenomenon was also demonstrated by Qian et al (2017). Figure 1B shows the XRD pattern of graphite.…”

Integration of Graphite and Silicon Anodes for the Commercialization of High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Various Si/inactive matrix anodes, such as SiO x , Si‐Fe, Si‐Ni, and Si‐P, have been utilized to build a composite with graphite by the high‐energy mechanical milling method (Figure ). Graphite was used as an outer shell to impart the high electrical conductivity and shield the Si anodes from additional side reactions.…”

“… Si/inactive matrix/graphite composites prepared by ball milling. a) Schematic illustration for the fabrication of the Si/SiO x /C composite . Copyright: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. b) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the FeSi 2 /Si@C composite .…”

Graphit‐ und‐Silicium‐Anoden für Lithiumionen‐ Hochenergiebatterien

“…Verschiedene Anoden, die aus Si und einer inaktiven Matrix, z. B. SiO x , Si‐Fe, Si‐Ni und Si‐P bestanden, wurden mit Graphit durch mechanisches Hochenergiemahlen zu Kompositen verarbeitet (Abbildung ). Hier fungiert das Graphit als äußere Schale, die eine hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit vermittelt und die Si‐Anode vor zusätzlichen Nebenreaktionen schützt.…”

“… Durch Kugelmahlen hergestellte Komposite aus Si, einer inaktiven Matrix und Graphit. a) Herstellungsschema für ein Si/SiO x /C‐Komposit . Copyright: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. b) Herstellungsschema für ein FeSi 2 /Si@C‐Komposit .…”