Two-step cleanup procedure for the identification of carotenoid esters by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Rodrigues, Daniele Bobrowski; Mariutti, Lilian Regina Barros; Mercadante, Adriana Zerlotti

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.039

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The free form of lutein (peak 5) was found to be the main carotenoid in all the samples analyzed, and five more (all-E)-lutein esters (peaks 7, 10, 11, 25, and 26) were identified. As well as occurs with all esters, mono-and diesters derived from lutein present the same UV-vis spectrum from its free from, since the acylation of one or two FAs to the hydroxyl groups in the terminal rings does not alter the chromophore [32]. This characteristic allowed the identification and differentiation of the esters derived from lutein and zeaxanthin considering their different UV-vis spectra; free (all-E)-zeaxanthin (peak 6) was also found to be one of the main carotenoids, and its esters exhibit the same molecular weight as lutein, but different UV-vis spectra.…”

Section: Hplc-dad-apci/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The presence of FAs complicates chromatography separation; therefore, although several chromatographic conditions and linear gradients of MeOH, MTBE, and H 2 O combinations were tested, some co-elutions were noted. The literature reports that two or more xanthophyll esters almost always co-elute independent of the column and mobile phase [13,32], impairing the identification of some compounds.…”

Section: Hplc-dad-apci/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

et al. 2019

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Orange peel is a by-product produced in large amounts that acts as a source of natural pigments such as carotenoids. Xanthophylls, the main carotenoid class found in citrus fruit, can be present in its free form or esterified with fatty acids, forming esters. This esterification modifies the compound’s chemical properties, affecting their bioavailability in the human body, and making it important to characterize the native carotenoid composition of food matrices. We aimed to evaluate the non-saponified carotenoid extracts of orange peel (cv. Pera) obtained using alternative green approaches: extraction with ionic liquid (IL), analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection (SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS) in an online system. Both alternative green methods were successfully applied, allowing the total identification of five free carotenoids, one apocarotenoid, seven monoesters, and 11 diesters in the extract obtained with IL and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS, and nine free carotenoids, six carotenoids esters, 19 apocarotenoids, and eight apo-esters with the SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS approach, including several free apocarotenoids and apocarotenoid esters identified for the first time in oranges, and particularly in the Pera variety, which could be used as a fruit authenticity parameter.

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Section: Hplc-dad-apci/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Hplc-dad-apci/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

et al. 2019

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“…The lipid content observed in this study for murici seeds was lower than the values reported in the literature by Costa et al (2013), 33 g/100 g, who analyzed the storage compounds of the seeds through cytochemical investigation. Rodrigues et al (2016) profiled the fatty acids of murici and reported that palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were responsible for 95% of the total of fatty acids in murici from Belém (Pará), Brazil. However, the lipid content of 15 g/100 g found here is three times higher than the amount reported by Lima et al (2006) in their work, 5.5 g/100 g, showing a wide variation range of the lipid fraction in murici seeds.…”

Section: Proximate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rufino et al (2010) analyzed the carotenoid content of 18 non-traditional Brazilian fruits'pulps, and found total carotenoid content for murici of 1 mg/100g (w.b.). Rodrigues et al (2016) identified 35 carotenoid esters in murici fruit, being the most relevant, lutein, β-carotene, and violaxanthin. Santana et al (2015) determined the total carotenoid content of the oil of several passionfruit seeds species and reported a content of 115.4 mg β-carotene/100 g of oil for Passiflora setacea (BRS Pérola do Cerrado), value higher than that determined in this work.…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Brazilian Cerrado fruits’ wastes: pequi almonds, murici, and sweet passionfruit seeds

et al. 2018

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Pequi, murici and sweet passionfruit are typical fruits from Brazilian Cerrado, which stand out for their sensory attributes such as color, flavor and aroma, in addition to their high nutritional value. Their seeds are by-products from the industrial processing of juices, pulps, jellies, and others, and have great exploitation potential due to their high oil content and the presence of bioactive compounds. The present work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of pequi almonds, and of murici and sweet passionfruit seeds, and also to quantify the total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity by the scavenging activity of •DPPH method. Concerning the chemical composition, pequi almonds presented the highest concentration of lipids (50%), followed by sweet passionfruit (30%) and murici seeds (15%). The almonds from pequi fruit showed the greatest content of protein (33.3%) followed by sweet passionfruit seeds (15%), which presented the highest amount of fiber (41.3%). Murici seeds exhibited the highest content of carbohydrates (46.4%). Pequi almonds had the greatest content of the following minerals, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, and sodium, and anthocyanins (14.4 mg CYG/100 g d.b.). Sweet passionfruit seeds presented the greatest amount of calcium, and also had the highest carotenoid content (9 mg/100 g d.b.). Murici seeds showed the highest potential for bioactive compounds, with 404 mg GAE/100 g d.b. and 81% of scavenging activity for the •DPPH. The results demonstrated that the studied seeds have the potential to be sources for new product development, such as oil.

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“…Therefore, the extraction methods mean the application of similar protocols applied for the extraction of free carotenoids, but the oily-dense nature of some matrices containing carotenoid esters requires clean-up steps. Different approaches have been set up, including the utilization of open column chromatography on silica gel [17] or magnesium oxide [18], enzymatic hydrolysis [19], solid-phase extraction [20], or even the use of semi-preparative isolation on C18 column and subsequent identification [21].…”

Section: Extraction Of Carotenoids and Sample Preparation For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in the Analysis of Carotenoids by Mass Spectrometry

Pérez‐Gálvez¹,

Roca²

2018

Progress in Carotenoid Research

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Mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for the analysis of carotenoids in photosynthetic tissues, foods, and biological materials from different sources to accurately establish their pigment profile, to provide evidences to distinguish the different structural arrangements, and to obtain biological meaning from metabolic processes where carotenoids participate during the development of their natural functions and activities. The recent progresses in the hyphenated HPLC systems with hybrid mass spectrometers, which enhance the acquisition of independent and complementary physicochemical properties for the identification of carotenoids, are detailed in this chapter. A reasonable guide for the implementation of post-processing routines, assisted by modern software tools, and the key issues for the analysis of the characteristic product ions are also defined in this contribution to help the readers in the understanding of the potential capabilities of mass spectrometry in the field of carotenoid pigments.

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Two-step cleanup procedure for the identification of carotenoid esters by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

Green Extraction Approaches for Carotenoids and Esters: Characterization of Native Composition from Orange Peel

Bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Brazilian Cerrado fruits’ wastes: pequi almonds, murici, and sweet passionfruit seeds

Recent Developments in the Analysis of Carotenoids by Mass Spectrometry

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