Two-Terminal and Multi-Terminal Designs for Next-Generation Quantized Hall Resistance Standards: Contact Material and Geometry

Kruskopf, Mattias; Rigosi, Albert F.; Panna, Alireza R.; Patel, Dinesh K.; Jin, Huiqing; Marzano, Martina; Berilla, Michael; Newell, David B.; Elmquist, Randolph E.

doi:10.1109/ted.2019.2926684

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Here, the bridge was implemented using a prototype quantum Hall array resistance standard (QHARS) composed of three multiple-series and parallel interconnected graphene Hall bars. To reduce the effect of contact resistances, split contacts are applied as described in [4]. Furthermore, the array elements use superconducting interconnections that do not have ohmic resistance and do not suffer from magnetoresistance.…”

Section: Bridge-on-a-chip Description and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In figures 3(b) and (c), the sample characterization by confocal laser scanning microscopy [21] shows the NbTiN interconnections and Longitudinal resistance/Ω split contacts as well as the structured monolayer graphene Hall bar. The graphene growth process that applies a combination of face-to-graphite (FTG) and polymerassisted sublimation growth (PASG), and the device fabrications process are thoroughly described in previous works [4,7,22,23]. For charge carrier density control, the graphene was functionalized with Cr(CO) 3 after device fabrication in a purpose-built deposition chamber [24].…”

Section: Bridge-on-a-chip Description and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements of R H and R xx for both of these devices (U 1 and U 3 ) are asymmetric with respect to the magnetic field direction, with a plateau starting around B = ±3 T. When the magnetic field direction is positive, both the elements exhibit the typical behaviour of R H and R xx . Instead, when the magnetic field is reversed, the behaviour of R xx and R H is atypical for both elements due to the different current paths caused by the position of the measurement terminals and the multiple-connections between the devices [4]. the measurement is obtained by comparing the Hall resistances with a room-temperature 100 Ω resistance standard (Electro Scientific Industries ESI SR102 ‡) calibrated against a GaAs QHR with a binary cryogenic current comparator (BCCC) bridge [25].…”

Section: Bridge-on-a-chip Description and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [3] we introduced the design of a direct current (DC) quantum Hall Kelvin bridge for the direct calibration of standard resistors. Here we present a bridge-on-a-chip implementation: the core is an integrated circuit composed of three quantum Hall effect (QHE) elements fabricated using epitaxial graphene on a SiC substrate and interconnected by a NbTiN superconducting wiring layer [4,5]. Each QHE element of the chip constitutes an arm of a Kelvin bridge; the fourth arm is given by the resistor under calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of a graphene quantum Hall Kelvin bridge-on-a-chip for resistance calibrations

et al. 2020

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The unique properties of the quantum Hall effect allow one to revisit traditional measurement circuits with a new flavour. In this paper we present the first realization of a quantum Hall Kelvin bridge for the calibration of standard resistors directly against the quantum Hall resistance. The bridge design is particularly simple and requires a minimal number of instruments. The implementation here proposed is based on the bridge-on-a-chip, an integrated circuit composed of three graphene quantum Hall elements and superconducting wiring. The accuracy achieved in the calibration of a 12 906 Ω standard resistor is of a few parts in 10 8 , at present mainly limited by the prototype device and the interferences in the current implementation, with the potential to achieve few parts in 10 9 , which is the level of the systematic uncertainty of the quantum Hall Kelvin bridge itself.

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Section: Bridge-on-a-chip Description and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bridge-on-a-chip Description and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bridge-on-a-chip Description and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of a graphene quantum Hall Kelvin bridge-on-a-chip for resistance calibrations

et al. 2020

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“…Joining graphene QHE and the QHARS principle [41,42,43] can be the next step to achieve simple, reliable, economic and easy to operate quantum resistance standards suitable for operation in an industrial calibration center.…”

Section: Quantum Hall Resistance Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantum ampere

Callegaro

2020

Tm - Technisches Messen

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The revision of the International System of Units (SI), implemented since 20 May 2019, has redefined the unit of electric current, the ampere ( A), linking it to a fixed value of the elementary charge. This paper discusses the new definition and the realisation of the electrical units by quantum electrical metrology standards, which every year become more and more accessible, reliable and user friendly.

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Record‐High Responsivity and High Detectivity Broadband Photodetectors Based on Upconversion/Gold/Prussian‐Blue Nanocomposite

Gupta

Patel

Lee

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The development of high-quality and strongly Au conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is time-consuming and requires specific chemicals. Therefore, a one-pot hydrothermal method is adopted for novel in situ preparation of UCNP@Au composites using a binary functional ethylenediaminetetraacetic salt, which is employed as a surfactant and reducing agent. The composites are electrostatically conjugated with metal-coordinated Prussian blue (PB) to yield UCNP@Au+PB nanocomposites (NCs), which demonstrate 21-fold upconversion emission quenching by fluorescence resonance energy transfer compared to UCNPs. Additionally, the PB, UCNP@Au, and NCs demonstrate a synergistically reduced trap (α ≈ 0.85) and enhance ultrasensitive broadband (432-980 nm) photodetection. The NCs-based gate-free epitaxial graphene device demonstrates excellent high photoresponsivity (5.9 × 10 5 A W -1 ), detectivity (2.17 × 10 14 cm H W Z 1 − − ), and normalized gain (2.06 × 10 −4 m 2 V -1 ) at 318 nW cm -2 (532 nm) and a bias voltage of 1 V. The Au plasmons enhance the one-photon-enabled visible absorption of Er 3+ ions, and PB exhibits broad absorption and enhances the carrier density of the device, resulting in an ultrahigh photoresponse. The obtained device performance is the highest to date among their class of nanohybrids. Also, these NCs can readily detect polychromatic light and signals from daily-use appliances, indicating their potential for applications in consumer electronics.

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Two-Terminal and Multi-Terminal Designs for Next-Generation Quantized Hall Resistance Standards: Contact Material and Geometry

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Implementation of a graphene quantum Hall Kelvin bridge-on-a-chip for resistance calibrations

Implementation of a graphene quantum Hall Kelvin bridge-on-a-chip for resistance calibrations

A quantum ampere

Record‐High Responsivity and High Detectivity Broadband Photodetectors Based on Upconversion/Gold/Prussian‐Blue Nanocomposite

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