Two-tone suppression in cochlear hair cells

Sellick, P.M.; Russell, Ian J.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(79)90016-9

Cited by 125 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…8A, B). This agrees with the characteristics of two-tone suppression observed in auditory nerve fibers (Sachs and Kiang 1968), basilar membrane (Cooper 1996;Rhode 2007), and hair cells (Sellick and Russell 1979), indicating that the main site of two-tone suppression is located basal to the probe frequency's characteristic place. Increasing the probe level and decreasing the criterion resulted in shifting the SFOAE STC tip further away from the probe frequency toward higher frequencies, again reflecting the frequency and level dependence of SFOAE suppression functions (Brass and Kemp 1993;Keefe et al 2008).…”

Section: Tuning Curve Parameters-level and Frequency At The Tipsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Suppression tuning curves usually produce broader tuning than single-tone excitatory tuning curves for measurements of either basilar membrane, auditory nerve, or cochlear hair cells (Sachs and Kiang 1968;Sellick and Russell 1979;Rhode 2007); however, a contradictory result has been also reported (Cooper 1996). Thus, it is likely that SFOAE STCs underestimate human cochlear tuning.…”

Section: The Shape Of Sfoae Stcs and Phase Effects-implications For Smentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the simultaneous masking paradigm, both spread of excitation and suppression effects are believed to contribute to the observed masking (Pickles 1984;Delgutte 1990b;Gifford and Bacon 2000;Rodriguez et al 2010). The contribution of suppression may result in underestimation of cochlear frequency selectivity measured directly with neural or basilar membrane single-tone tuning curves (Sachs and Kiang 1968;Sellick and Russell 1979;Rhode 2007). Nevertheless, it is generally agreed that this type of masking paradigm provides useful information about frequency selective sound processing in the auditory system (Oxenham and Shera 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulus-Frequency Otoacoustic Emission Suppression Tuning in Humans: Comparison to Behavioral Tuning

Charaziak

Souza

Siegel

2013

JARO

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As shown by the work of Kemp and Chum in 1980, stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curves (SFOAE STCs) have potential to objectively estimate behaviorally measured tuning curves. To date, this potential has not been tested. This study aims to do so by comparing SFOAE STCs and behavioral measures of tuning (simultaneous masking psychophysical tuning curves, PTCs) in 10 normal-hearing listeners for frequency ranges centered around 1,000 and 4,000 Hz at low probe levels. Additionally, SFOAE STCs were collected for varying conditions (probe level and suppression criterion) to identify the optimal parameters for comparison with behavioral data and to evaluate how these conditions affect the features of SFOAE STCs. SFOAE STCs qualitatively resembled PTCs: they demonstrated band-pass characteristics and asymmetric shapes with steeper high-frequency sides than low, but unlike PTCs they were consistently tuned to frequencies just above the probe frequency. When averaged across subjects the shapes of SFOAE STCs and PTCs showed agreement for most recording conditions, suggesting that PTCs are predominantly shaped by the frequency-selective filtering and suppressive effects of the cochlea. Individual SFOAE STCs often demonstrated irregular shapes (e.g., "double-tips"), particularly for the 1,000-Hz probe, which were not observed for the same subject's PTC. These results show the limited utility of SFOAE STCs to assess tuning in an individual.The irregularly shaped SFOAE STCs may be attributed to contributions from SFOAE sources distributed over a region of the basilar membrane extending beyond the probe characteristic place, as suggested by a repeatable pattern of SFOAE residual phase shifts observed in individual data.

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Section: Tuning Curve Parameters-level and Frequency At The Tipsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: The Shape Of Sfoae Stcs and Phase Effects-implications For Smentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stimulus-Frequency Otoacoustic Emission Suppression Tuning in Humans: Comparison to Behavioral Tuning

Charaziak

Souza

Siegel

2013

JARO

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“…ANF, BM, or hair cell responses), OAEs exhibit two-tone suppression (e.g. Sachs and Kiang 1968;Sellick and Russell 1979;Kemp and Chum 1980;Cooper 1996;Rhode 2007). A suppression tuning curve (STC) can be measured by varying the frequency and level of a suppressor until a predefined change (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Cochlear Frequency Selectivity with Stimulus-frequency Otoacoustic Emissions in Chinchillas

Charaziak

Siegel

2014

JARO

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It has been suggested that the tuning of the cochlear filters can be derived from measures of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Two approaches have been proposed to estimate cochlear frequency selectivity using OAEs evoked with a single tone (stimulus-frequency (SF)) OAEs: based on SFOAE group delays (SF-GDs) and on SFOAE suppression tuning curves (SF-STCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether either SF-GDs or SF-STCs obtained with low probe levels (30 dB SPL) correlate with more direct measures of cochlear tuning (compound action potential suppression tuning curves (CAP-STCs)) in chinchillas. The SFOAE-based estimates of tuning covaried with CAPSTCs tuning for 93 kHz probe frequencies, indicating that these measures are related to cochlear frequency selectivity. However, the relationship may be too weak to predict tuning with either SFOAE method in an individual. The SF-GD prediction of tuning was sharper than CAP-STC tuning. On the other hand, SF-STCs were consistently broader than CAP-STCs implying that SFOAEs may have less restricted region of generation in the cochlea than CAPs. Inclusion of G3 kHz data in a statistical model resulted in no significant or borderline significant covariation among the three methods: neither SFOAE test appears to reliably estimate an individual's CAP-STC tuning at low-frequencies. At the group level, SF-GDs and CAP-STCs showed similar tuning at low frequencies, while SF-STCs were over five times broader than the CAP-STCs indicating that low-frequency SFOAE may originate over a very broad region of the cochlea extending ≥5 mm basal to the tonotopic place of the probe.

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“…Effects of psychophysical suppression are typically demonstrated in forward masking, or in procedures similar to forward masking, where it is found that the amount of masking produced by energy at one frequency can be reduced by the presence ofenergy at adjacent frequencies. These effects may be related to effects seen in the auditory nerve (Arthur, Pfeiffer, & Suga, 1971), haircells (Sellick & Russell, 1979), and basilar membrane (Patuzzi, Sellick, & Johnstone, 1984), wherein auditory excitation at one frequency can be reduced by the presence of more intense energy at adjacent frequencies.…”

Section: Effects Of Psychophysical Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal spectral contrast of formant peaks for vowel recognition as a function of spectral slope

Lea

Summerfield

1994

Perception & Psychophysics

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In four experiments we investigated whether listeners can locate the formants of vowels not only from peaks, but also from spectral "shoulders"-features that give rise to zero crossings in the third, but not the first, differential of the excitation pattern-as hypothesized by Assmann and Summerfield (1989). Stimuli were steady-state approximations to the vowels [a, i, 3, U, :J] created by summing the first 45 harmonics of a fundamental of 100Hz. Thirty-nine harmonics had equal amplitudes; the other 6 formed three pairs that were raised in level to define three "formants." An adaptive psychophysical procedure determined the minimal difference in level between the 6 harmonics and the remaining 39 at which the vowels were identifiably different from one another. These thresholds were measured through simulated communication channels, giving overall slopes to the excitation patterns of the five vowels that ranged from -1 dB/erb to +2 dB/erb. Excitation patterns of the threshold stimuli were computed, and the locations of formants were estimated from zero crossings in the first and third differentials. With the more steeply sloping communication channels, some formants of some vowels were represented as shoulders rather than peaks, confirming the predictions of Assmann and Summerfield's models. We discuss the limitations of the excitation pattern model and the related issue of whether the location of formants can be computed from spectral shoulders in auditory analysis.When two people speak concurrently, a formant in one voice may be partially masked by a more intense formant in the competing voice. The partially masked formant may be displayed as only an irregularity on one of the skirts of the more intense formant in the internal representation of the spectrum. Assmann and Summerfield (1989) called such irregularities shoulders and offered a formal definition, which is restated in the next section. Assmann and Summerfield compared the ability of four models to predict the identification responses made by listeners to pairs of synthetic vowels with the same fundamental frequency (fO) that were presented concurrently to the same ear. The two models that performed best used shoulders in addition to peaks as evidence of the locations of formants. One explanation of this result is that listeners, like the models, can use shoulders to locate the positions of formants. An alternative explanaThe experiments described in this paper were performed at the Institute of Hearing Research while A.P.L. was supported by a studentship from the Medical Research Council. We wish to thank ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories, where this paper was written. Our thanks also go to Joanne Miller, Dianne Van Tasell, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Address correspondence to A. P. Lea, ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories, 2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-02, Japan. tion is that listeners use only peaks to locate formants, but improve their performance...

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Two-tone suppression in cochlear hair cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 11 publications

Stimulus-Frequency Otoacoustic Emission Suppression Tuning in Humans: Comparison to Behavioral Tuning

Stimulus-Frequency Otoacoustic Emission Suppression Tuning in Humans: Comparison to Behavioral Tuning

Estimating Cochlear Frequency Selectivity with Stimulus-frequency Otoacoustic Emissions in Chinchillas

Minimal spectral contrast of formant peaks for vowel recognition as a function of spectral slope

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