Two types of organophosphate pesticides and their combined effects on heterotrophic growth rates in activated sludge process

Pai, Tzu‐Yi; Wang, Shun-Cheng; Lin, Chun-Ping; Liao, W.C.; Chu, Hsiao-Hsing; Lin, Tung-Sheng; Liu, Chun-Chih; Lin, Shu-Wen

doi:10.1002/jctb.2243

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the addition of diazinon also greatly reduced the solution pH to 3.70, which would have contributed to decreases in bacterial densities (Guan et al, 2001). Additionally, malathion inhibited bacterial growth in sludge at concentrations of 500 µg L −1 , although this concentration is also higher than would be expected in the environment (Pai et al, 2009). One study of note also found toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (46 300 µg L −1 ), diazinon (10 300 µg L −1 ), and parathion (8500 µg L −1 ) on Vibrio phosphoreum (Somasundaram et al, 1990); however, in addition to noting that these concentrations were all above environmental expectation, the method of assessing toxicity, based upon bioluminescence, was also markedly different from the other study reviewed here and may have be the result of a sublethal effect.…”

Section: Specific Effects Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Additionally, although exceeding environmentally relevant concentrations, another study found a significant reduction in bacterial growth rates when 25 000–50 000 µg L −1 of diquat or paraquat were present (Breazeale and Camper, 1972). Glyphosate, at a concentration of 500 µg L −1 , reduced the growth of heterotrophic bacteria (Pai et al, 2009). Although potentially a result of indirect effects, the bipyridinium herbicide diquat, at concentrations ranging from 300–30 000 µg L −1 , decreased the abundance of freshwater algal and bacterial species and protozoan species richness (Melendez et al, 1993).…”

Section: Specific Effects Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A synthesis of the effects of pesticides on microbial persistence in aquatic ecosystems

Staley

Harwood

Rohr

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

100

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Pesticides are a pervasive presence in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. While pesticides are intended to control fungi, insects, and other pests, their mechanisms of action are often not specific enough to prevent unintended effects, such as on non-target microbial populations. Microorganisms, including algae and cyanobacteria, protozoa, aquatic fungi, and bacteria, form the basis of many food webs and are responsible for crucial aspects of biogeochemical cycling; therefore, the potential for pesticides to alter microbial community structures must be understood to preserve ecosystem services. This review examines studies that focused on direct population-level effects and indirect community-level effects of pesticides on microorganisms. Generally, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides were found to have adverse direct effects on algal and fungal species. Insecticides and fungicides also had deleterious direct effects in the majority of studies examining protozoa species, although herbicides were found to have inconsistent direct effects on protozoans. Our synthesis revealed mixed or no direct effects on bacterial species among all pesticide categories, with results highly dependent on the target species, chemical, and concentration used in the study. Examination of community-level, indirect effects revealed that all pesticide categories had a tendency to reduce higher trophic levels, thereby diminishing top-down pressures and favoring lower trophic levels. Often, indirect effects exerted greater influence than direct effects. However, few studies have been conducted to specifically address community-level effects of pesticides on microorganisms and further research is necessary to better understand and predict the net effects of pesticides on ecosystem health.

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Section: Specific Effects Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Specific Effects Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of the effects of pesticides on microbial persistence in aquatic ecosystems

Staley

Harwood

Rohr

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, Guo et al (2009) found that malathion can inhibit the hydrolase enzyme responsible for pyrethroid (insecticide) degradation. Janeczko et al (2014) found that 3 mg/L of malathion inhibited COD removal in batch tests with activated sludge, and Pai et al (2009) found that the heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased by 66% in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of malathion. (Tazdait et al, 2013) also reported inhibition of heterotrophic growth by malathion, but at a considerably higher concentration (i.e.140 mg/L) than that of (Pai et al (2009). This study utilized respirometry, a test which measured microbial activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Janeczko et al (2014) found that 3 mg/L of malathion inhibited COD removal in batch tests with activated sludge, and Pai et al (2009) found that the heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased by 66% in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of malathion. (Tazdait et al, 2013) also reported inhibition of heterotrophic growth by malathion, but at a considerably higher concentration (i.e.140 mg/L) than that of (Pai et al (2009). This study utilized respirometry, a test which measured microbial activity. Respirometry has been used to reveal metal-induced inhibition of COD removal and nitrification in activated sludge (Madoni et al, 1999) and to describe the effects caused by organic chemicals which can serve as both substrate and inhibitor (Ricco et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of malathion on the activity, performance, and microbial ecology of activated sludge

Rauglas

Martin

Bailey

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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This study evaluated the effect of a VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate) surrogate (malathion) on the activity, performance, and ecology of activated sludge bioreactors. In the presence of malathion, the maximum observed respiration rates varied between 43 and 53 μg/O 2 min, generally similar to the 49 μg O 2 /min rates observed in controls. Malathion did not alter the respiration ratio of O 2 consumed-to-CO 2 produced nor did it impact the shape of the oxygen consumption curves during respirometry. Shorter term (12 h) batch tests showed that both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia removal were not negatively impacted by the presence of 0.1-3 mg/L malathion. Longer term continuous addition (i.e. 40 days) of 0.1 mg/L of malathion also had no effect on COD and ammonia removal. In contrast to shorter term exposures, longer term continuous addition of 3 mg/L of malathion negatively impacted both COD and nitrogen removal and was associated with shifts in the abundance of species that are common to activated sludge. These results illustrate the impact that chemicals like malathion may have on COD removal, and nitrification, as well as the robustness of activated sludge microbial communities.

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“…In modern agricultural practices, agronomists, therefore, apply pesticides to prevent losses to crop yields. After application, a large portion of pesticides persist in the top fertile soil layer, which affects the structures, composition, and metabolic activities of microbial communities adversely (Dutta et al 2010;Pai et al 2009). These changes lead to a loss in soil fertility and affect the sustainability of agricultural crops (Fox et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS1 enhances growth parameters of greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in insecticide-stressed soils

Ahemad

Khan

2010

J Pest Sci

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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to increase growth and vigor of legumes in conventional cropping systems. Considering this as a basis, this study was aimed at identifying phosphate-solubilizing (PS) rhizobacterial strains expressing higher tolerance to insecticides, fipronil and pyriproxyfen, and synthesizing plant growth regulators even amid insecticide stress. The impact of selected rhizobacteria endowed with multitude of activities was investigated on greengram, grown in soils treated with different concentrations of insecticides. The fipronil and pyriproxyfen tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS1 produced plant growth promoting substances, both in the presence and absence of the insecticides. Both insecticides at recommended and higher rates, in general, had phytotoxic effects and decreased phytomass, symbiotic properties, nutrients uptake, and seed yield of greengram plants. Interestingly, P. aeruginosa PS1 even when used with all concentrations of the two insecticides significantly increased the measured parameters at 50 and 80 days after sowing, compared to the plants grown in soils treated with the same concentration of each insecticide but without inoculants. P. aeruginosa PS1 can be used as biofertilizer to augment the growth of greengram exposed to insecticide-stressed soils.

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Two types of organophosphate pesticides and their combined effects on heterotrophic growth rates in activated sludge process

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

A synthesis of the effects of pesticides on microbial persistence in aquatic ecosystems

A synthesis of the effects of pesticides on microbial persistence in aquatic ecosystems

The effect of malathion on the activity, performance, and microbial ecology of activated sludge

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PS1 enhances growth parameters of greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in insecticide-stressed soils

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