“…A considerable number of studies have been reported hitherto on the isolation and cultivation of amphibian cells from embryos, tadpoles, and adults of various species, such as Rana pipiens (Auclair, 1961;Malamud, 1967;Rafferty, 1969;Freed et al, 1969;Freed and Mezger-Freed, 1970;Wong and Tweedell, 1974), Rana sylvatica, Rana clamitans, Hyla crucifer (Rafferty, 1969), Rana catesbeiana (Wolf and Quimby, 1964;Ide,1973Ide, ,1974Kondo and Ide, 1983;Yosizato, 1985, 1986;Yoshizato and Nishikawa, 1985), Bufo marinus (Handler et al, 1979), Bufo americanus (Freed et al, 1969), Bombina orientalis (Ellinger et al, 1983), Xenopus laevis (Pudney et al, 1973;Godsell, 1974;Miller and Daniel, 1977;Anizet et al, 1981;Asashima et al, 1986;Nishikawa et al, 1990;Fukui et al, 1992) and Notophthalmus viridescens (Ferretti and Brockes, 1988). However, most of these studies were concerned with relatively short-term cultures.…”