Two viruses of Heterobasidion confer beneficial, cryptic or detrimental effects to their hosts in different situations

Hyder, Rafiqul; Pennanen, Taina; Hamberg, Leena; Vainio, Eeva J.; Piri, Tuula; Hantula, Jarkko

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2013.05.005

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our 7-year follow-up work also revealed the appearance of novel viral infections in aging clones. The observation is interesting, as the lifespan of Heterobasidion clones is estimated to be considerably shorter (o200 years; Stenlid and Redfern, 1998) than that of some other wood decay fungi that form large clones in the forest (e.g., Phellinus weirii and Armillaria spp., with a lifespan of more than 1000 years; Dickman and Cook, 1989;Ferguson et al, 2003), and suggests a hypothesis that viruses effectively shorten the lifespan of Heterobasidion clones because of their increasing frequency and small but negative overall effect (Hyder et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Heterobasidion viruses do not cause drastic phenotypic changes in their host, but some may reduce the germination of basidiospores (Ihrmark et al, 2004) or affect the growth of the host fungus (Vainio et al, 2010(Vainio et al, , 2012. Notably, a single virus strain may have beneficial, commensal or detrimental effects on a single host isolate, depending on environmental and ecological conditions (Hyder et al, 2013). The ecological effects of such complex host-virus relationships can only be understood via long-term field studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen

Vainio¹,

Müller²,

Korhonen³

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

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Fungal viruses (mycoviruses) with RNA genomes are believed to lack extracellular infective particles. These viruses are transmitted laterally among fungal strains through mycelial anastomoses or vertically via their infected spores, but little is known regarding their prevalence and patterns of dispersal under natural conditions. Here, we examined, in detail, the spatial and temporal changes in a mycovirus community and its host fungus Heterobasidion parviporum, the most devastating fungal pathogen of conifers in the Boreal forest region. During the 7-year sampling period, viruses accumulated in clonal host individuals as a result of indigenous viruses spreading within and between clones as well as novel strains arriving via airborne spores. Viral community changes produced pockets of heterogeneity within large H. parviporum clones. The appearance of novel viral infections in aging clones indicated that transient cell-to-cell contacts between Heterobasidion strains are likely to occur more frequently than what was inferred from genotypic analyses. Intraspecific variation was low among the three partitivirus species at the study site, whereas the unassigned viral species HetRV6 was highly polymorphic. The accumulation of point mutations during persistent infections resulted in viral diversification, that is, the presence of nearly identical viral sequence variants within single clones. Our results also suggest that co-infections by distantly related viral species are more stable than those between conspecific strains, and mutual exclusion may play a role in determining mycoviral communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen

Vainio¹,

Müller²,

Korhonen³

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

Self Cite

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“…In view of the above, it can be concluded that to date, the presence of mitoviruses has no clear pattern in the behavior of the Spanish isolates of the pathogen. One possible explanation could be that the presence of same mycovirus may have different effect on their host, depending on ecological and environmental conditions as previously reported [14,38]. Another hypothesis could be that mycoviruses are no longer active or pathogen's parasites and remain in the mitochondria as symbionts, producing no effects on the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Vertical Transmission of Fusarium circinatum Mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via Microconidia

Romeralo

Bezos

Martínez‐Álvarez

2018

Forests

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Pine Pitch Canker disease, caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum, affects conifer species worldwide. However, the virulence of the pathogen may be affected by the presence of mycoviruses. The aim of this laboratory-based study was to investigate the probability and rate of transmission of F. circinatum mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via microconidia. Ten isolates of mitovirus-infected F. circinatum were subcultured to produce a total of 100 single-spore colonies (ten replicates per isolate). The total RNA and cDNA obtained from each spore isolate (monosporic culture) were amplified by PCR with specific primers for detection of F. circinatum mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2. The mitoviruses were detected in a high percentage of the individual spore isolates (between 60% and 100% depending on the fungal isolate). However, the probability of transmission was not statistically significantly associated with either the F. circinatum isolate or the viral strain. A high proportion of transmission via microconidia is critical for development of a biological control program against Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) disease in forests. However, further studies are needed to establish the effect of these mitoviruses on the virulence of F. circinatum.

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“…Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a well-known, beneficial association. Indeed, through the establishment of ectomycorrhizae (ECM), ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are described as helpers in increasing plant survival and growth rate in forestry ecosystems (Selosse et al 2000;Menkis et al 2007), as well as in improving host tree health (Hyder et al 2013). In the case of Mediterranean species, ECM are crucial for drought resistance improvement (Jany et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure associated with cork oak in different landscapes

et al. 2018

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Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests play an important ecological and economic role. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are key components for the sustainability and functioning of these ecosystems. The community structure and composition of ECMF associated with Q. suber in different landscapes of distinct Mediterranean bioclimate regions have not previously been compared. In this work, soil samples from cork oak forests residing in different bioclimates (arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, and humid) were collected and surveyed for ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root tips. A global analysis performed on 3565 ECM root tips revealed that the ECMF community is highly enriched in Russula, Tomentella, and Cenoccocum, which correspond to the ECMF genera that mainly contribute to community differences. The ECMF communities from the rainiest and the driest cork oak forests were distinct, with soils from the rainiest climates being more heterogeneous than those from the driest climates. The analyses of several abiotic factors on the ECMF communities revealed that bioclimate, precipitation, soil texture, and forest management strongly influenced ECMF structure. Shifts in ECMF with different hyphal exploration types were also detected among forests, with precipitation, forest system, and soil texture being the main drivers controlling their composition. Understanding the effects of environmental factors on the structuring of ECM communities could be the first step for promoting the sustainability of this threatened ecosystem.

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Two viruses of Heterobasidion confer beneficial, cryptic or detrimental effects to their hosts in different situations

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen

Viruses accumulate in aging infection centers of a fungal forest pathogen

Vertical Transmission of Fusarium circinatum Mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via Microconidia

Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure associated with cork oak in different landscapes

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