Focuses on challenges faced by businesses in the transition context, drawing on research beyond the main business journals. First, the microeconomic aspects of economic transition are summarized, taking the development of new institutions as starting points as they set the stage for developments in the enterprise sphere. Next, multinational enterprises entering the region are discussed, considering their motives, and their strategies for dealing with the specific context. Lastly, some managerial challenges are addressed that arise for multinational enterprises operating in the region.