Two-year drinking-water study of formaldehyde in rats

Til, H.P.; Woutersen, Ruud; Feron, V.J.; Hollanders, V.H.M.; Falke, H.E.; Clary, John J.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(89)90001-x

Cited by 118 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar to our research, a study by Johannsen et al and Til et al also suggested specific pathological changes in renal tissue that was exposed to formaldehyde in their experimental groups (14,15). These researchers stated that the severity of tissue changes depended on the amount and duration of exposure to formaldehyde.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Formaldehyde-Induced Injuries in the Rat Kidney

et al. 2014

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Background: Formaldehyde (F) is a chemical component that has an extensive usage on fixation of tissues and produces different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in our body. Studies have shown that long exposure to F damages the eyes, nose and throat; in addition it has adverse effects on body organs such as the urinary system. Vitamins can reduce free ROS. Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluating the protective effect of vitamin E on the kidney damaged by formaldehyde. Materials and Methods: Male adult wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group A (control): rats received vehicle (normal saline) for two weeks. Group E1 (formaldehyde): rats received formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) for two weeks. Group E2 (formaldehyde + vitamin E): rats received formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) and vitamin E (30 mg/kg) for two weeks. After two weeks, all rats were killed, and the kidneys were dissected and processed for routine histological staining. Results: Comparison of the control and formaldehyde groups with the vitamin E group revealed that there were significant differences in lumen size and nuclear color of proximal tubules in rats treated by vitamin E (P < 0.05). Cell degeneration, lumen size, number and size of nucleus of distal tubules were statistically different among the three groups. In the vitamin E treated group observed histological changes were improved compared to the formaldehyde group. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, vitamin E probably improves the harmful effects of formaldehyde on rat kidney tissue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Formaldehyde-Induced Injuries in the Rat Kidney

et al. 2014

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“…However, we did not observe any tumor in liver, kidney or any other organ. Some work of formalin through drinking water and food stuff on stomach and other tissue of mice, dogs and rat demonstrated little effect except for mild pharyngeal and gastric discomfort, significant increase in the thickness of the stomach lining epithelium [26]and irritation in mucus membrane, but such harmful effect was also alleviated' by diluting the formaldehyde prior to ingestion [27], [28].Inflammatory lesions in digestive system following oral administration formaldehyde has been reported in claves [29] and rats [30], [31], [32].The current observation showed that nature and intensity of histological alteration exposure through oral introduction of formalin are dose and time Toxicological effect of formalin as food preservative on kidney and liver tissues in mice model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological effect of formalin as food preservative on kidney and liver tissues in mice model

Mamun¹,

Rahman²,

Zaman³

et al. 2014

IOSRJESTFT

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“…A dose-related increase in the incidence of lymphomas/leukaemias was also observed in female rats treated with formaldehyde administered in drinking water (Soffritti et al, 1989;Soffritti et al, 2002b); However, the World Health Organization (WHO) noted certain limitations in the Soffritti et al drinking water study with formaldehyde (Soffritti et al, 1989;Soffritti et al, 2002b), including the "pooling" of tumour types, the lack of statistical analysis, and limited examination of non-neoplastic end-points (WHO, 2002) and that, in contrast, other formaldehyde drinking water studies have given negative results (Tobe et al, 1989;Til et al, 1989). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to a new long‐term carcinogenicity study on aspartame

2006

EFS2

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Aspartame has undergone extensive testing in animals and studies in humans, including four animal carcinogenicity studies conducted during the 1970s and early 1980s. These studies, together with studies on genotoxicity, were evaluated by regulatory bodies worldwide and it was concluded that they did not show evidence of genotoxic or carcinogenic potential for aspartame. Since its approval, however, the safety of aspartame has been repeatedly questioned, with discussions focusing not only on the safety of aspartame itself, but also on the safety of its breakdown products, aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol. All these substances occur naturally in the body. In response to such questions, the SCF undertook a further review of all the data on aspartame in 2002 and concluded that there was no need to revise the outcome of their earlier risk assessment or the previously established Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for aspartame, of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw).The AFC Panel has assessed the new carcinogenicity study, using not only the ERF publications but also a more extensive report provided to EFSA by the ERF at the end of 2005 and further data from the same study provided by ERF in April 2006. The Panel noted that this lifetime study, using more dose groups and more animals per group than conventional carcinogenicity studies, represented a substantial effort and had the potential to be more sensitive to low incidence effects. After its evaluation the Panel considers that the study has flaws which bring into question the validity of the findings, as interpreted by the ERF. In particular, the high background incidence of chronic inflammatory changes in the lungs and other vital organs and tissues and the uncertainty about the correctness of the diagnoses of some tumour types were major confounding factors in the interpretation of the findings of the study.The Panel's conclusions on the findings of the ERF study include the following:• The increased incidence of lymphomas/leukaemias reported in treated rats was unrelated to aspartame, given the high background incidence of chronic inflammatory changes in the lungs and the lack of a positive dose-response relationship. It is wellknown that such tumours can arise as a result of abundant lymphoid hyperplasia in the lungs of rats suffering from chronic respiratory disease. The most plausible explanation of the findings in this study with respect to lymphomas/leukaemias is that they have developed in a colony suffering from chronic respiratory disease. The slight increase in incidence of these tumours in rats fed aspartame is considered to be an incidental finding of the ERF study and can therefore be dismissed.• The preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder occurring primarily in female rats along with renal calcification were most probably treatment-related, at least at the higher doses. It is widely accepted that the effect is a high dose effect of irritant chemicals or chemicals producing renal pelvic calcification as a result of im...

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Two-year drinking-water study of formaldehyde in rats

Cited by 118 publications

References 8 publications

Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Formaldehyde-Induced Injuries in the Rat Kidney

Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Formaldehyde-Induced Injuries in the Rat Kidney

Toxicological effect of formalin as food preservative on kidney and liver tissues in mice model

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to a new long‐term carcinogenicity study on aspartame

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