Tyloses in fibre tracheids

Gottwald, H.

doi:10.1007/bf00350825

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The placements of oak's finest roots in rock fractures suggests specific adaptations in functional anatomy (Rodríguez‐Robles et al, 2017) (Figure 4f). These roots exhibit a triple layer of epidermal tissue and contain calcium oxalate crystals (druzes), and under extremely dry conditions, oak vessel diameter of roots decreases through the formation of tyloses (Gottwald, 1972) (Figure S5d). Deep oak roots exhibited 83% more vessels with tyloses and 60% more druzes than surface roots (Figure S5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These roots exhibit a triple layer of epidermal tissue and contain calcium oxalate crystals (druzes), which facilitate root penetration and biophysical breakup of incipient rocks fractures (Franceschi & Nakata, 2005) (Figure S5b). Under extremely dry conditions, oak vessel diameter of roots decreases by the formation of tyloses (Gottwald, 1972), which is an outgrowth of parenchyma cells into vessels to reduce water conduction and to prevent cavitation (Spicer, 2014), (Figure S5d). Deep oak roots exhibited 83% more vessels with tyloses and 60% more druzes than surface roots (Figure S5).…”

Section: Plant Functional Mechanisms Of Species Contributing To Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupled plant traits adapted to wetting/drying cycles of substrates co‐define niche multidimensionality

Rodríguez‐Robles

Arredondo

Huber-Sannwald

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Theories attempting to explain species coexistence in plant communities have argued in favour of species' capacities to occupy a multidimensional niche with spatial, temporal and biotic axes. We used the concept of hydrological niche segregation to learn how ecological niches are structured both spatially and temporally and whether small scale humidity gradients between adjacent niches are the main factor explaining water partitioning among tree species in a highly water‐limited semiarid forest ecosystem. By combining geophysical methods, isotopic ecology, plant ecophysiology and anatomical measurements, we show how coexisting pine and oak species share, use and temporally switch between diverse spatially distinct niches by employing a set of functionally coupled plant traits in response to changing environmental signals. We identified four geospatial niches that turned into nine, when considering the temporal dynamics of the wetting/drying cycles in the substrate and the particular plant species adaptations to garner, transfer, store and use water. Under water scarcity, pine and oak exhibited water use segregation from different niches, yet under maximum drought when oak trees crossed physiological thresholds, niche overlap occurred. The identification of niches and mechanistic understanding of when and how species use them will help unify theories of plant coexistence and competition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Functional Mechanisms Of Species Contributing To Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled plant traits adapted to wetting/drying cycles of substrates co‐define niche multidimensionality

Rodríguez‐Robles

Arredondo

Huber-Sannwald

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Data for Pachy1artia.r Dandy is lacking. Mature wood of the Magnoliaceae was described by McLaughlin (1933), Metcalfe and Chalk (1950a), Canright (1955), Gottwald (1972), Nooteboom (1985), and Metcalfe (1987). Magnoliaceous genera can be divided into two groups based on the type of intervascular pitting (Table 1).…”

Section: Comparisoiz With Extant Plantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vegetative remains of the Magnoliaceae from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia

Cevallos-Ferriz¹,

Stockey

1990

Can. J. Bot.

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CEVALLOS-FERRIZ, S. R. S., and STOCKEY, R. A. 1990. Vegetative remains of the Magnoliaceae from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia. Can. J. Bot. 68: 1327-1339. One wood block and many small twigs (up to 1.3 cm diam.) with little secondary growth and showing magnoliaceous characters were identified from the Princeton chert locality (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia, Canada. Specimens were studied with a modified cellulose acetate peel technique and hydrofluoric acid. Well-preserved primary tissues include a chambered pith that distinguishes these twigs from other woods in the chert. Secondary xylem has solitary vessels, radial multiples, and clusters, scalariform perforation plates with 8-27 bars, scalariform, transitional, and opposite intervascular pitting, and tyloses. Imperforate tracheary elements with circular bordered pits, heterocellular and homocellular rays, and marginal parenchyma characterize the twigs. Secondary phloem has dilated rays, alternating bands of fibers and thin-walled cells, and sclerified ray and axial cells. In older wood, opposite intervascular pitting and homocellular rays, suggest affinities with Liriodendron L.; however, the presence of opposite, scalariform, and transitional intervascular pitting and secondary phloem structure necessitate its inclusion in Liriodendroxylon Prakash et al. Liriodendroxylon princetonensis Cevallos-Ferriz et Stockey sp.nov. is distinguished from other species in this genus by the presence of homocellular rays, scalariform intervascular pitting, and well-preserved extraxylary tissues that are unknown for the other fossil species. Liriodendroxylon princetonensis adds to the diversity of extinct magnoliaceous plants during the Eocene and represents the oldest known species of this genus. These plants were probably part of the surrounding forest vegetation in the Princeton basin. Like most extant Magnoliales, L. princetonensis probably lived under subtropical to warn-temperze, moist conditions.

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“…They are ingrowths of parenchyma cells into the lumens of adjacent tracheary elements, whereas gels and/or gums, depending on plant species, are secreted by the parenchyma cells (Rioux et al, 1998). Tyloses have been reported in many groups of vascular plants, including angiosperms (Chattaway, 1949;Gottwald, 1972;Saitoh et al, 1993), conifers (Chrysler, 1908;Peters, 1974;Dute et al, 1999; Feng et al, 2013), progymnosperms (Scheckler andGaltier, 2003), and ferns (De Micco et al, 2016).In aspen (Populus tremula 3 tremuloides), tyloses are formed by ray contact cells (Chafe, 1974). These cells first synthesize secondary wall layers that lignify, together with the walls of adjacent vessel elements (Murakami et al, 1999), then they deposit a tertiary wall layer, called the protective layer, over the secondary wall layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Defense Responses in Aspen with Altered Pectin Methylesterase Activity Reveal the Hormonal Inducers of Tyloses

et al. 2016

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(E.J.M.). Tyloses are ingrowths of parenchyma cells into the lumen of embolized xylem vessels, thereby protecting the remaining xylem from pathogens. They are found in heartwood, sapwood, and in abscission zones and can be induced by various stresses, but their molecular triggers are unknown. Here, we report that down-regulation of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE1 (PtxtPME1) in aspen (Populus tremula 3 tremuloides) triggers the formation of tyloses and activation of oxidative stress. We tested whether any of the oxidative stress-related hormones could induce tyloses in intact plantlets grown in sterile culture. Jasmonates, including jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate, induced the formation of tyloses, whereas treatments with salicylic acid (SA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were ineffective. SA abolished the induction of tyloses by JA, whereas ACC was synergistic with JA. The ability of ACC to stimulate tyloses formation when combined with JA depended on ethylene (ET) signaling, as shown by a decrease in the response in ET-insensitive plants. Measurements of internal ACC and JA concentrations in wild-type and ET-insensitive plants treated simultaneously with these two compounds indicated that ACC and JA regulate each other's concentration in an ET-dependent manner. The findings indicate that jasmonates acting synergistically with ethylene are the key molecular triggers of tyloses.

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Tyloses in fibre tracheids

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Coupled plant traits adapted to wetting/drying cycles of substrates co‐define niche multidimensionality

Coupled plant traits adapted to wetting/drying cycles of substrates co‐define niche multidimensionality

Vegetative remains of the Magnoliaceae from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia

Defense Responses in Aspen with Altered Pectin Methylesterase Activity Reveal the Hormonal Inducers of Tyloses

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