Tympanometry in 2-Year-Old Children

M, Tos; Poulsen, G.

doi:10.1159/000275429

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…(21,26) According to Tos et al, gender difference in otitis media represents mainly the influence of cultural factors. (27) In our study, children with OME had larger number of family members in household than normal children (p= <0.0001). From multivariate regression model, we found that family size of more than 4 members is one of the strongest predictors of OME (OR= 4.192, 95% CI: 2.033-8.643).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Otitis Media with Effusion in School Children in Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

Alhumaid¹,

Abou-Halawa²

2014

IJHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Objective: To determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) among school children in Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to determine relevant risk factors in affected children. Methods:Through a cross-sectional study, 1488 children in the age range 6-12 years were randomly selected from 25 primary schools in Qassim region. A questionnaire was used to determine risk factors for OME. Otoscopy and tympanometry were used to diagnose and confirm OME. Pure tone average for children with confirmed OME was measured. Teachers of children were asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating child's level of school performance. Results:Prevalence of OME in the study population was 7.5% (112/1488). In univariate analysis, it was strongly associated with age less than 8 years (p< 0.0001; OR= 4.23, 95% CI: 2.85-6.29 ), family size more than 4 members in the household((p<0.0001; OR= 4.45, 95% CI: 2.23-8.88), mother education less than secondary school education (p<0.0001; OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.47-3.29), recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) (p<0.0001; OR=5.73, 95% CI: 3.47-9.45), and hearing loss symptom (p< 0.0001; OR= 3.39, 95% CI: 1.92-5.99). It is less strongly associated with history of preschool AOM (p= 0.002; OR= 3.15, 95% CI: 1.67-5.97), nasal discharge (p= 0.003; OR= 1.91, 95% CI: 1.24-2.93) and snoring (p=0.03; OR= 1.76, 95% CI: 1.06-2.94). OME was significantly higher in schools located in rural districts (p<0.001, OR= 2.82, 95% CI: 1.86 -4.28). In multivariate regression model, five of these factors were found to be predictors of OME: age less than 8 years (OR= 5.052, 95% CI:3.289-7.762), family size more than4 members in the household) (OR= 4.192, 95% CI: 2.033-8.643), rural school district (OR=3.037, 95% CI: 1.933-4.772), mother education lower than secondary school education) (OR=2.041, 95% CI:1.602-3.877) and recurrent AOM (OR=4.914, 95% CI: 2.677-9.02). Children with OME tend to have poorer school performance compared to normal children (p=0.067). No significant correlation was found between OME and type of feeding during the first two years of life (p=0.62; OR= 0.87, 95% CI: 0.51-1.49), preschool daycare attendance (p=0.17; OR= 0.71, 95% CI: 0.44-1.16), home exposure to cigarette smoke (p=0.4; OR= 1.34, 95% CI:0.68 -2.65), visits to ENT clinic (p=0.13; OR= 0.58, 95% CI:0.29-1.18), and ENT operations (p=0.12; OR= 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17-1.27). Conclusion:Prevalence of OME in Qassim region reaches 7.5% in school children. Age less than 8 years, family size more than 4 members in the household, mother education less than secondary school education, living in rural area and recurrent AOM are found to be predictors of OME in Qassim region. In this population of children, otoscopy and tympanometry should be used as screening tools for OME.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Otitis Media with Effusion in School Children in Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

Alhumaid¹,

Abou-Halawa²

2014

IJHS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, the close physical contact among children in day-care favors the transmission of infectious diseases. Previous studies have focused mainly on the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and otitis media, which are reported to occur two to three times more frequently in children attending day-care centres (DCCs) than in those cared for at home [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation is particularly impor tant because evidence suggests that frequent episodes (es pecially of otitis media) may adversely affect neurocognitive and language development [8] and lead to numerous medical and surgical treatments [9]. Several studies in Scandinavia [3,4,10] showed that the prevalence of abnormal tympanograms ranged from 5 to 8% in children at home or attending family day care, respectively, com pared to 24% in children attending DCCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Infectious Diseases in Children Attending Different Types of Day-Care Setting

et al. 1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This population-based prospective cohort study compared the risk of recurrent infections in children attending family day care ( < 3 children per family), small (10-20 children) day-care centers (DCCs), and large ( > 40 children) DCCs. The parents of a total of 1,242 children participated in the study (97% of the families initially contacted). An infectious episode was defined as the acute occurrence of a new symptom lasting for at least 48 h and resulting in specific treatment. Two episodes were counted as such only if they were separated by a symptom-free week. Surveillance was under the responsibility of a nursing director and was similar for all three types of DCCs. During the 8.5-month follow-up period, 3,639 infectious episodes were recorded. Compared to those in family day-care, children attending small DCCs presented a higher risk for > 6 total infectious episodes [odds ratio (OR) = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-3.7]; > 5 upper respiratory tract infections (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4-3.4); > 2episodes of otitis media (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0-2.6); > 2 episodes of conjunctivitis (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 2.1-8.2); and > 2 episodes of croup (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.6-10.9). The risk for children attending large DCCs was intermediate between those in family day care and those in small DCCs. Apart from sampling variation, one explanation for this result could be that children in large DCCs are divided into groups according to their age (i.e. < 12,12-24, and > 24 months). It is possible that the homogeneity of age within each group and the absence of direct contact between groups confers some protection against the spread of infections. Children who had been in day care for at least 6 months at the beginning of the study were at a lower risk for recurrent infections than those who had entered day care earlier. This result might be explained by the acquisition of specific immunity as well as by nonspecific immunity that protects against microorganisms not previously encountered by the body. These results suggest that, for children with repeated infections in DCCs, a move to the family day-care setting, when feasible, should be contemplated. It also suggests that the development of family day-care settings should be encouraged. However, the decision of promoting one type of day-care setting rather than another requires further studies focusing on different outcomes such as the long-term health consequences, the psychological development, and also the total economic consequences related to attendance of each type of structure.

show abstract

“…8,56,57 In truth, the prevalence of negative pressure in the middle ear and Type B tympanograms, indicative of effusion in the middle ear, are greater in children cared for in day care centers with many others; intermediate in children cared for in family homes with fewer companions and less still in children cared for at home. 58,59 In the meta-analysis of Uhari et al, the risk of AOM also increased with child care outside the home (RR 2.45; 95%CI 1.51-3.98) and although on a lower scale, also with care in family homes (RR 1.59; 95%CI 1.19-2.13). 60 It is postulated that the risk is proportional to the number of companions the child is in contact with.…”

Section: Day Care Center Attendancementioning

confidence: 98%

Fatores de risco para otite média aguda recorrente: onde podemos intervir? - uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Neto

Hemb²,

Silva³

2006

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Review evidence about modifiable risk factors for recurrent acute otitis media.Source of data: MEDLINE with no language restriction, from January 1966 to July 2005, using descriptors acute otitis media/risk factors. Two hundred and fifty-seven articles were obtained. These included randomized clinical trials, cohorts, case-control and cross-sectional studies that contained analyses of modifiable risk factors for the development of recurrent acute otitis media as the main objective and with samples of individuals up to the age of 18 years. Except when relevant, the following were excluded: non-systematic reviews, reports of cases, series of cases, and medical society guidelines. Summary of data:Nine risk factors linked to the host and eight linked to the environment were identified. Of the first group, allergy, craniofacial abnormalities, gastroesophageal reflux and the presence of adenoids were classified as modifiable. In the second category, upper airway infections, day care center attendance, presence of siblings/family size, passive smoking, breastfeeding and use of pacifiers were included. Afterwards, the risk factors were classified in accordance with levels of evidence. Conclusions:The risk factors established for recurrent acute otitis media and capable of being modified were the use of pacifiers and care in daycare centers. The probable risk factors were privation of mothers milk, presence of siblings, craniofacial abnormalities, passive smoking and presence of adenoids. No modifiable factor was classified as unlikely. Among those that need further study are allergy, gastroesophageal reflux and passive smoking during gestation. J Pediatr (Rio J)

show abstract

Tympanometry in 2-Year-Old Children

Cited by 50 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Otitis Media with Effusion in School Children in Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Otitis Media with Effusion in School Children in Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

Risk of Infectious Diseases in Children Attending Different Types of Day-Care Setting

Fatores de risco para otite média aguda recorrente: onde podemos intervir? - uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About