Abstract-Angiotensin II regulates blood pressure via activation of the type 1 receptor. We previously identified a novel angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein and demonstrated that it promotes receptor recycling to the plasma membrane. To delineate the pathophysiological function of the ARAP1 in the kidneys, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress rat ARAP1 cDNA specifically in proximal tubules and tested the hypothesis that proximal tubule-specific overexpression of ARAP1 causes hypertension. Two lines of male transgenic mice, 650 and 670, displayed kidney-specific transgene expression. Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated by Ϸ20 to 25 mm Hg in these lines of mice at 20 weeks of age compared with their nontransgenic litter mates. Urine volume, but not water intake, was significantly decreased in both lines compared with nontransgenic controls. The kidney/body weight ratio was significantly increased in both lines compared with their nontransgenic litter mates at 12 and 20 weeks of age. In contrast, no difference was observed in the ratio of brain, spleen, heart, and testis to body weight between male transgenic and nontransgenic animals. Inhibitions of the renin-angiotensin system completely normalized the systolic blood pressure of transgenic mice. Moreover, low salt intake prevented the development of hypertension, whereas high salt intake exacerbated the increase in blood pressure in transgenic mice. Therefore, our data show that proximal tubule-specific overexpression of ARAP1 leads to hypertension, suggesting that renal ARAP1 plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function via activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Key Words: animals, transgenic Ⅲ gene expression H ypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although numerous studies have implicated a role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the development of hypertension, its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Traditionally, the hypertensive effects of the RAS were considered to be the actions of circulating components of this system. According to this view, angiotensin II (Ang II) in the systemic circulation is generated from angiotensinogen (AOGEN), which is acted on by renin from the kidneys to proteolytically produce angiotensin I, a substrate being further processed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to form biologically active Ang II. However, recent convincing evidence accumulated from physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies has demonstrated other pathways of Ang II production. Among these, the intrarenal RAS is of special interest. Renal proximal tubules contain all of the components of the RAS. [1][2][3] It has been demonstrated that activation of the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) stimulates the apical sodium-hydrogen exchanger in proximal tubules 4 and augments epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in the collecting ducts, 5,6 leading to modulation of blood pressure (BP) and fluid homeostasis. Furthermore...