Type 1 Diabetes and the Menstrual Cycle: Where/How Does Exercise Fit in?

Toor, Saru; Yardley, Jane E.; Momeni, Zeinab

doi:10.3390/ijerph20042772

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…who studied a group of Indian children and adolescents [ 49 ]. Ovarian function appears to be modified in adolescents with T1DM [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormones for assessment of anthropometric and pubertal growth of Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (single center study)

Thabet,

Sherif,

ElAal

et al. 2024

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background This study aimed to assess the anthropometric measures and pubertal growth of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to detect risk determinants affecting these measures and their link to glycemic control. Patients and methods Two hundred children and adolescents were assessed using anthropometric measurements. Those with short stature were further evaluated using insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), bone age, and thyroid profile, while those with delayed puberty were evaluated using sex hormones and pituitary gonadotropins assay. Results We found that 12.5% of our patients were short (height SDS < -2) and IGF-1 was less than -2 SD in 72% of them. Patients with short stature had earlier age of onset of diabetes, longer duration of diabetes, higher HbA1C and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio compared to those with normal stature (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with delayed puberty had higher HbA1c and dyslipidemia compared to those with normal puberty (p < 0.05). The regression analysis revealed that factors associated with short stature were; age at diagnosis, HbA1C > 8.2, and albumin/creatinine ratio > 8 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Children with uncontrolled T1DM are at risk of short stature and delayed puberty. Diabetes duration and control seem to be independent risk factors for short stature.

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“…who studied a group of Indian children and adolescents [ 49 ]. Ovarian function appears to be modified in adolescents with T1DM [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormones for assessment of anthropometric and pubertal growth of Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (single center study)

Thabet,

Sherif,

ElAal

et al. 2024

BMC Endocr Disord

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“…Women diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) undergo fluctuations in their glycemic changeability due to variations in insulin receptor binding and affinity that are specifically linked to their menstrual cycle leading to Catamenial Hyperglycemia (10)(11)(12). Many studies has shown that compared to the early follicular phase, there is a higher likelihood of experiencing hyperglycemia during the periovulatory and early luteal phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: catamenial hyperglycemia: the trigger of recurrent DKA in a female patient with three-year follow-up

Cholekho,

Fan,

Tan

2024

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundCatamenial hyperglycemia is a rare type of spontaneous, recurring Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) in females during the luteal phase, most commonly observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Even with controlled serum glucose levels, adherence to a diabetic diet, medications, and in the absence of other common influencing factors such as infection, glucose levels tend to increase during the premenstrual period. This uncommon issue related to the menstrual cycle phase has not been extensively researched. Therefore, this study aims to diagnose catamenial hyperglycemia promptly and initiate early treatment to prevent complications.Case reportWe presented a case of a 19-year-old girl who experienced recurrent DKA during the premenstrual period, without an apparent cause. She was admitted multiple times to various hospitals and sought consultations, undergoing numerous laboratory and imaging examinations, yet the etiology remained elusive. Ultimately, she received a diagnosis of catamenial diabetic hyperglycemia. To prevent recurrence of complications associated with catamenial hyperglycemia, we initiated a comprehensive approach which included continuous glucose monitoring, adherence to a strict diabetic diet, diabetic health education, regular exercise, timely medication administration, and increase in insulin dosage during the premenstrual period based on glucose levels.ConclusionsAlthough catamenial hyperglycemia is rare, it should be considered a cause of recurrent hyperglycemia in any postpubertal female to prevent complications. The specific underlying mechanisms responsible for catamenial hyperglycemia or DKA remain unidentified.

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“…The prevalence of AOA is increased in PCOS together with some organ and non-organ-specific auto-antibodies [13]. Additionally, a link between PCOS, autoimmune oophoritis, and premature ovarian failure (POF) has been established [14,15]. Tubal sub-fertility contributes to 10%-30% of female causes of infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Autoimmune Disorders with Infertility: A Narrative Review

Hassan

Al-Tuma

2023

amj

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Autoimmunity is a condition in which the immune system cannot recognize the self from nonself-antigens. Autoimmunity is relatively more common in females than males. The process of embryo implantation is considered the most significant restricting factor in female reproduction. The immunological system of the females may affect the success or failure of pregnancy by its effect on extremely important steps from ovulation to implantation processes, thus ensuring the importance of autoimmunity for women in sub-fertility. The association between autoimmunity and female reproduction receives increased attention nowadays. A successful conception is a result of multiple complex interactions between the developed embryo and the receptive uterus and is usually under immune-hormonal control. In certain circumstances, the female ovary can be a target of an autoimmune attack, like some organ-specific or systemic autoimmune disorders subsequently resulting in clinically significant ovarian dysfunction, implantation failure, and sub-fertility. Consequently, the effect of a specific auto-antibody on the etiology of infertility remains unknown. This review focused on auto-antibodies that may affect female fertility.

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Type 1 Diabetes and the Menstrual Cycle: Where/How Does Exercise Fit in?

Cited by 13 publications

References 93 publications

Insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormones for assessment of anthropometric and pubertal growth of Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (single center study)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormones for assessment of anthropometric and pubertal growth of Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (single center study)

Case report: catamenial hyperglycemia: the trigger of recurrent DKA in a female patient with three-year follow-up

Female Autoimmune Disorders with Infertility: A Narrative Review

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