Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: experience in Indonesia

Pulungan, Aman B; Fadiana, Ghaisani; Annisa, Diadra

doi:10.1297/cpe.30.11

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…DM was a metabolic disease constituting a group of symptoms suffered by someone as a result of high blood sugar above normal rate [16][17][18]. This disease was due to disturbed sugar metabolism resulting from lack of insulin in terms of absolute and relative [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Prevalence and Risk Factor

Sadomo¹,

Fauzi²

2021

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sports, Health, and Physical Education, ISMINA 2021, 28-29 April 2021, Semar

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Prevalence and Risk Factor

Sadomo¹,

Fauzi²

2021

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sports, Health, and Physical Education, ISMINA 2021, 28-29 April 2021, Semar

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“…Based on data from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI), there were 1220 T1DM patients in Indonesia until 2018. In 2015 and 2016, there were 63% of children with T1 diabetes were first diagnosed with Diabetic Ketoacidosis, where this percentage increased to 71% in 2017 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors can trigger the occurrence of T1DM. In terms of genetic factors, it is currently known that gene damage occurs at more than 40 gene loci; while environmental factors are related to viral infection and diet [2], [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of the RNLS Gene using CRISPR/Cas9 as Pancreatic Cell β Protection against Autoimmune and ER Stress for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Baraja

Sunarto

Adji

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease in children which is usually caused by autoimmunity that damages pancreatic a and b cells which have functions as blood glucose regulators. Some studies stated that Renalase (RNLS) gene deletion will protect these b cells from autoimmune reactions and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. RNLS deletion by genome editing Clustered Regular interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-related (CRISPR/Cas9) is believed to have the potential to be a therapy for T1DM Patients. AIM: This research was conducted to know the potential of RNLS deletion using the CRISPR/Cas9 as an effective therapy and whether it has a permanent effect on T1DM patients. METHODS: The method applied in this research summarized articles by analyzing the titles and abstracts of various predetermined keywords. In this case, the author chose a full-text article published within the past 10 years by prioritizing searches in the last 5 years through PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, American Diabetes Association, and official guidelines from IDAI. RESULTS: RNLS deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 in mice weakened the response of polyclonal -cell-reactive CD8+ T cells and disrupted the immune recognition to cells so that autoimmune killing did occur. In addition, such deletion prevents RNLS ER stress by increasing the threshold, triggering the unfolded protein response so that ER stress is difficult to occur. RNLS mutations in b cells also increase b cell survivability to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: b cells RNLS deletion by genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 is effective in protecting b cells from autoimmune reactions and RE stress. However, further research is needed to determine the side effects and safety of its use.

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“…The incidences figure are especially important as there has been evidence of increasing incidence over the years. 2,3 Despite this, awareness of this condition remains low among clinicians and parents alike. Low awareness led to late diagnosis cases, often when the child with T1DM already suffered acute complications such as Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In Indonesia, the figure stand at 79%, at the upper end of the 12.8% to 80% range between various countries in the world. 3,4 Early onset T1DM is also more concerning compared to other cases. Median age of T1DM diagnosis ranged from 8 to 13 years in different countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in an infant during COVID-19 pandemic: case report

Astiti¹,

Pramana

Suryawan³

2021

Int J Res Med Sci

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an endocrine disorder, marked by elevated blood glucose level caused by autoimmune process destroying the β-cells of the pancreas which mostly affects children. It is an often-overlooked condition, with low awareness among clinicians and parents alike which led to late diagnosis and patients often presenting with acute complications. Often triggered by a viral infection, here we presented an interesting case of early onset T1DM presenting with Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during a COVID-19 pandemic. A female infant, aged 1 years and 2 days old, presented with dyspnea and fever. Physical examination was otherwise normal, without any rhonchi or wheezing found during pulmonary auscultation. Nasopharyngeal swab and SARS-CoV-2 antigen test was found negative. Laboratory workup found random blood glucose level of 577 mg/dl accompanied by acidosis and ketonuria. The patient also had elevated white blood cells and platelet counts. She was admitted for treatment in the Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with therapeutic regiments consisting of slow intravenous insulin infusion, potassium chloride intravenous fluid, antibiotics, and antipyretics. Close monitoring of blood glucose ensues and the patient was treated for 5 days followed by outpatient therapy with mixed insulin treatment twice per day. This case was interesting as T1DM usually manifested in older children with median age of diagnosis ranging from 8 to 13 years old, depending on population. T1DM diagnosed in children younger than 6 years old are classified early onset and it is especially rare to found in infants. Although the patient tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, the onset of the case coincides with a recent surge of cases locally. It meant that we cannot rule out possibility of prior unknown exposure or infection which may precipitate the condition.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: experience in Indonesia

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Prevalence and Risk Factor

Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Prevalence and Risk Factor

Deletion of the RNLS Gene using CRISPR/Cas9 as Pancreatic Cell β Protection against Autoimmune and ER Stress for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Early onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in an infant during COVID-19 pandemic: case report

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