Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Soaring Epidemic

Robert, Asirvatham Alwin; Al-Dawish, Abdulrahman; Mujammami, Muhammad; Dawish, Mohamed Abdulaziz Al

doi:10.1155/2018/9408370

Cited by 109 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Although there has been an elevation in the incidence rates of DKA between 2011 and 2013, there is a lack of researches and studies about DKA in Riyadh. [ 6 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Riyadh

Farran¹,

Elaiwah²,

Aldarsouny³

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is considered to be a serious acute life-menacing complication of diabetes type (1) and type (2). The study aims to assess the level of awareness regarding DKA among diabetic patients in the Riyadh population. Methodology: The study is an institution-based cross-sectional study with a sample size of 150 participants. The participants are chosen through systemic random sampling, who have type (1) or type (2) diabetes mellitus patients and are 18–35 years of age. The medical personnel were excluded from the study. A self-administered, precoded, and pretested questionnaire was developed especially for this study after consulting literature and epidemiologists containing data about the risk factor, management, and complication. Data were analyzed using (SPSS). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 38.67% (58) participants have poor awareness regarding complications, 67.34% (101) have poor knowledge regarding management, and 6% (9) participants have a good knowledge, 38% (57) participants have poor knowledge regarding risk factors and 30% (45) of the participants have good awareness. The relation between having a first degree relative with diabetes and awareness regarding management is significant with a P value of 0.022; 73% (110) of the participants had no relatives with diabetes mellitus and 71% (79) had a poor level of awareness regarding the management of DKA. However, 55% (22) of respondents who had relatives with diabetes mellitus also had a poor level of awareness regarding treatment. Conclusion: The majority of the participants had a poor level of awareness. There is a relationship between having a first-degree relative with diabetic mellitus and the level of awareness regarding DKA.

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“…Although there has been an elevation in the incidence rates of DKA between 2011 and 2013, there is a lack of researches and studies about DKA in Riyadh. [ 6 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Riyadh

Farran¹,

Elaiwah²,

Aldarsouny³

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) ranks ninth out of the top ten countries with the highest incidence of T1DM per year as per the Diabetes Atlas (9th edition) [2]. However, in contrast to that in the developed countries, the number of research studies on the prevalence, incidence and sociodemographic aspects of T1DM is distressingly low [6]. Studies on Saudi T1DM adults is even fewer compared to the paediatric counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Pump Therapy Issues Among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study

Al‐Saleh

Motairi²,

Hassan

et al. 2020

Diabetes Ther

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Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is on the rise in Saudi Arabia. Management of T1DM is crucial in curbing the economic burden of this disease. Studies on insulin pump issues are scarce in the region. The present study aims to fill this gap. Methods: In this single-centre, retrospective study done in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) from March 2018 to March 2019, a total of 118 known Saudi T1DM adults (34 males and 84 females) were included. Data on demographics, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and CSII use were collected. Results: The most common problem encountered by the patients on CSII was breaking down of the pump (30.0%), relocation of the cannula or tubing (22%) and air bubbles affecting delivery (16.1%). Eighty-one subjects (68.6%) claimed to have been admitted for DM management while on CSII. The use of CSII led to a significant reduction in HbA1c in all subjects (p \ 0.001), but levels remain suboptimal. Only 53 subjects (44.9%) reported no significant problems in their CSII experience. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of T1DM adult patients experiencing device malfunctions and other issues while on CSII therapy. This may account for suboptimal improvement in the glycaemic control among T1DM Saudi patients. Issues on adherence and device malfunctions should be investigated further.

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“…Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disorder with a lack in insulin, elevated blood glucose levels and ketoacidosis 1 . Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of the global cases of diabetes affecting children and adolescents worldwide 2 , indicating a steadily increasing incidence rate of about 3% annually 3 . Uncontrolled hyperglycemia may lead to defects and dysfunctions in different body organ systems, including the eyes, kidneys, and nerves 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin II receptor Neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) compared to Valsartan attenuates Hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats

Alqahtani¹,

Mohany²,

Alasmari³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Background and objectives: Although diabetic-induced hepatotoxicity is less common, it can be included in the list of target organ pathologies associated with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) in modulating oxidative and inflammatory injuries and liver fibrosis in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats in comparison to valsartan alone. Materials and Methods: Following the induction of diabetes using a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), STZ-induced hyperglycemic animals were administered LCZ696 or valsartan for 6 weeks. Glucose, transaminases, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin - 6 (IL-6), were estimated using the obtained serum. Oxidative stress biomarkers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in the liver homogenate. Additionally, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nuclear factor - kappa β (NF-κB) levels were estimated in hepatic tissue. To assess the general histopathological changes, harvested liver tissue was treated with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson's trichrome staining to detect fibrosis. Results: STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats demonstrated high blood glucose, dyslipidemia, and significant elevation in hepatic transaminases, proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, lipid peroxidation, and hepatic fibrosis, with impairment in antioxidant enzymes. In STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats, the administration of LCZ696 ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, improved liver functions, and boosted antioxidants enzymes. Furthermore, LCZ696 therapy attenuated oxidation, inflammation, progression of liver injury, and hepatic fibrosis. LCZ696 was superior to valsartan in reducing AST, hepatic fibrosis, tissue IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB. In addition, compared with the valsartan group, LCZ696 significantly increased the antioxidant parameters such as GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx. Conclusion: Collectively, our data demonstrated that LCZ696 could suppress the progression of diabetes-induced hepatic fibrosis, correlating with reduced oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and NF-κB compared with valsartan alone.

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Soaring Epidemic

Cited by 109 publications

References 72 publications

Level of awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Riyadh

Level of awareness of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Riyadh

Insulin Pump Therapy Issues Among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study

Angiotensin II receptor Neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) compared to Valsartan attenuates Hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats

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