Type-2 astrocyte development in rat brain cultures is initiated by a CNTF like protein produced by type-1 astrocytes

Lillien, Laura; Sendtner, Michael; Rohrer, Hermann; Hughes, Simon M.; Raff, Martin

doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90179-1

Cited by 239 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In vitro, PDGF has been shown to influence the pattern of differentiation and the intrinsic timing of differentiation of glial precursors from rat optic nerve that lack neurons (3,13,14). Interestingly, in cortical cultures where neurons are present, 0-2A progenitors proliferate without exogenous PDGF (14). This result suggests that the cortex replaces PDGF in support of glial differentiation and that neurons may be the primary source of PDGF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…In contrast, the PDGF a receptor is not expressed by neurons but is expressed coordinately by glial cells or their precursors, suggesting that the PDGF A secreted by neurons may influence glial cells via a paracrine mechanism. In vitro, PDGF has been shown to influence the pattern of differentiation and the intrinsic timing of differentiation of glial precursors from rat optic nerve that lack neurons (3,13,14). Interestingly, in cortical cultures where neurons are present, 0-2A progenitors proliferate without exogenous PDGF (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Developmental expression of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor gene in mammalian central nervous system.

Yeh

Silos‐Santiago

Wang

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We recently reported that the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene is highly exp e in neurons of embryonic and adult mouse central nervous system and suggested that its secretion by neurons may support development and maintenance of gla. We have now analysed the levels and sites of expression of the cognate PDGF a-receptor gene in brain and spinal cord ofembryonic and adult mice by in situ hybridization. The predominant cell populations in both gray and white matter expressing rpts of the PDGF a-receptor gene are glal cells or their precursors. T pts c isntly were not detected in neurons. Expressd of the PDGF a-receptor gene was first observed at embryonic day 15, increased through posatal day 14, and fell to lower levels in adults. Expression of the a-receptor gene corresponds in temporal sequence to the developmental period of glal miration and prolfferation and to the expression of PDGF A by neurons.The results indicate that glia but not neurons have the potentia to respond to PDGF A and suggest that neurons inflnence glal cel development throug paracrine gulation. and E18 and postnatal day 1 (P1), P7, P14, P28, and P56 were prepared as described (5).A mouse cDNA [corresponding to residues 2198-2582 of the PDGF a receptor (9) (3)(4)(5). We recently demonstrated that the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene is expressed in high levels in neuronal populations of embryonic and adult mice (5). The time course of appearance of A-chain gene transcripts and their near ubiquitous expression in neurons suggested that the neuron may be the major source of the PDGF A-chain in the nervous system and that the neuron may function in a previously undescribed role in the paracrine regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development. Earlier work had indicated that PDGF functions to regulate glial differentiation in vitro (6, 7). However, it was not appreciated that the neuron expressed high levels of the PDGF A-chain gene. To understand the significance of these findings, we analyzed the cellular localization and time course of expression of the gene encoding the cognate receptor for PDGF A, the PDGF a receptor (8, 9), within the CNS ofembryonic and postnatal mice by in situ hybridization to seek these cells that coordinately express the a-receptors.MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue sections including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, thalamus, pons, cerebellum, and spinal cord from BALB/c/B1O mice at embryonic day 8 (E8), E10, E12, E15, RESULTS Specifically labeled and control sections from E8, E10, E12, E15, and E18 embryos and from P1, P7, P14, P28, and P56 animals were analyzed by both darkfield and brightfield microscopy. Transcripts of the PDGF a-receptor gene were not seen in the CNS of E8, E10, or E12 embryos, whereas transcripts were readily detected in both spinal cord and brain by darkflield microscopy of E15 embryos. The 35S-hybridization signal was particularly intense in developing white matter (Fig. 1 A-C, arrows) and found in clusters around the nuclei of small cells. T...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental expression of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor gene in mammalian central nervous system.

Yeh

Silos‐Santiago

Wang

et al. 1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The reduction of cell migration towards PDGF at 5 ng/ml was over 50%. OPCs are known to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, or type-2 astrocytes depending on the culture conditions (Lillien et al, 1988). Because these cells are less motile than OPCs, we explored whether Endo N treatment could induce differentiation of OPCs that could cause the observed migration deficit.…”

Section: Psa-ncam Modifies Pdgf-induced Migration Of Opcs In a Microcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for the polysialic acid – neural cell adhesion molecule in PDGF-induced chemotaxis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Zhang

Vutskits

Calaora

et al. 2004

Journal of Cell Science

111

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Directed migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is important for myelin formation and repair but the mechanisms of directional control are poorly understood. Here we have tested the role of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the directional migration of OPCs towards platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Using a Boyden microchemotaxis chamber and the Dunn direct viewing chamber, we show that in concentration gradients of PDGF, PSA-positive OPCs polarize and efficiently migrate towards the source of PDGF (chemotaxis). The loss or inactivation of the polysialic tail of NCAM leads to an altered pattern of OPC migration in response to PDGF gradients. Cells under these conditions, while being polarized and migrating, show no bias of displacement towards the source of PDGF and make random turns. By contrast, directed migration of OPCs towards basic fibroblast growth factor was not affected by the removal of PSA. Moreover, inactivation of PSA does not interfere with the random migration pattern of cells in uniform concentrations of PDGF (chemokinesis). These results suggest that PSA-NCAM is specifically involved in establishing the directionality of OPC migration in response to the concentration gradient of PDGF, but it is not essential for cell motility per se.

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“…CNTF was chosen in this study because of its ability to enhance astrocytic differentiation Lillien et al 1988;Johe et al 1996;Bonni et al 1997;Koblar et al 1998;Rajan and McKay 1998;Whittemore et al 1999). Astrocytes regulate the immune response and blood-brain barrier, promote oligodendrocyte remyelination, influence the localized metabolism of glutamate (thereby reducing glutamate toxicity and secondary injury), and provide trophic support for surviving neurons (reviewed in Sofroniew 2000).…”

Section: Generation Of Enhanced Populations Of Differentiated Progenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Region-specific Differentiation Potential of Adult Rat Spinal Cord Neural Stem/Precursors and Their Plasticity in Response to In Vitro Manipulation

Kulbatski

Tator

2009

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R Y This study characterized the differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) isolated from different levels of the spinal cord (cervical vs lumbar cord) and different regions along the neuraxis (brain vs cervical spinal cord) of adult male Wistar enhanced green fluorescent protein rats. The differentiation of cervical spinal cord NSPCs was further examined after variation of time in culture, addition of growth factors, and changes in cell matrix and serum concentration. Brain NSPCs did not differ from cervical cord NSPCs in the percentages of neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes but produced 26.9% less radial glia. Lumbar cord NSPCs produced 30.8% fewer radial glia and 6.9% more neurons compared with cervical cord NSPCs. Spinal cord NSPC differentiation was amenable to manipulation by growth factors and changes in in vitro conditions. This is the first study to directly compare the effect of growth factors, culturing time, serum concentration, and cell matrix on rat spinal cord NSPCs isolated, propagated, and differentiated under identical conditions. (J Histochem Cytochem 57:405-423, 2009)

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Type-2 astrocyte development in rat brain cultures is initiated by a CNTF like protein produced by type-1 astrocytes

Cited by 239 publications

References 32 publications

Developmental expression of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor gene in mammalian central nervous system.

Developmental expression of the platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor gene in mammalian central nervous system.

A role for the polysialic acid – neural cell adhesion molecule in PDGF-induced chemotaxis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Region-specific Differentiation Potential of Adult Rat Spinal Cord Neural Stem/Precursors and Their Plasticity in Response to In Vitro Manipulation

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