Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown

Upadhyaya, Smitha; Banerjee, Gautam

doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1024918

Cited by 95 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Also, the findings suggest that core taxa constitute more than 75% of the gut and oral microbiome, while only 67% of the skin microbiome, indicating a larger variability of the microbiome present on the skin. We present baseline data of the human microbiome from a healthy Indian sub-population, which could be used as a reference for further studies, including diabetes [75][76][77] obesity and inflammatory diseases. (2020) 10:5685 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62195-5 www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Methods ethical clearance declaration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut, oral and skin microbiome of Indian patrilineal families reveal perceptible association with age

Chaudhari

Dhotre

Agarwal

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The human microbiome plays a key role in maintaining host homeostasis and is influenced by age, geography, diet, and other factors. traditionally, india has an established convention of extended family arrangements wherein three or more generations, bound by genetic relatedness, stay in the same household. in the present study, we have utilized this unique family arrangement to understand the association of age with the microbiome. We characterized stool, oral and skin microbiome of 54 healthy individuals from six joint families by 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomics. In total, 69 (1.03%), 293 (2.68%) and 190 (8.66%) differentially abundant OTUs were detected across three generations in the gut, skin and oral microbiome, respectively. Age-associated changes in the gut and oral microbiome of patrilineal families showed positive correlations in the abundance of phyla proteobacteria and fusobacteria, respectively. Genera Treponema and Fusobacterium showed a positive correlation with age while Granulicatella and Streptococcus showed a negative correlation with age in the oral microbiome. Members of genus Prevotella illustrated high abundance and prevalence as a core otUs in the gut and oral microbiome. in conclusion, this study highlights that precise and perceptible association of age with microbiome can be drawn when other causal factors are kept constant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut, oral and skin microbiome of Indian patrilineal families reveal perceptible association with age

Chaudhari

Dhotre

Agarwal

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Given that oxyntomodulin is a proglucagon derivative and co-localized with GLP-1 and GLP-2 in the L cells, it is possible that decreased oxyntomodulin and CGRP levels, as well as elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (57), may act as early indicators of a gut barrier dysfunction-associated chronic hyperglycemia. Although no clinical study to date has investigated the association between gut barrier function and diabetes of the exocrine pancreas, significant association between insulin resistance, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and gut microbiota has been reported in clinical studies involving type 2 diabetes patients (60,63,64). Prebiotics, shown to improve glucose homeostasis, gut permeability, endotoxinaemia, inflammation, body weight, fat mass accumulation, and lipid metabolism-all associated with and implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, also induce changes in circulating levels of GLP-1, GIP, ghrelin, and peptide YY (65,66).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcitonin gene-related peptide: neuroendocrine communication between the pancreas, gut, and brain in regulation of blood glucose

et al. 2017

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Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a ubiquitous neuropeptide, plays a diverse and intricate role in chronic low-grade inflammation, including conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. Diabetes of exocrine pancreas is characterised by chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation and altered secretion of certain pancreatic and gut hormones. While CGRP may regulate glucose homeostasis and the secretion of pancreatic and gut hormones, its role in chronic hyperglycemia after acute pancreatitis (CHAP) is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CGRP and CHAP.Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected to measure insulin, HbA1c, CGRP, amylin, C-peptide, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, gastric inhibitory peptide, glicentin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and 2, and oxyntomodulin. Modified Poisson regression analysis and linear regression analyses were conducted. Five statistical models were used to adjust for demographic, metabolic, and pancreatitisrelated risk factors.Results: A total of 83 patients were recruited. CGRP was significantly associated with CHAP in all five models (P-trend <0.005). Further, it was significantly associated with oxyntomodulin (P<0.005) and glucagon (P<0.030). Oxyntomodulin and glucagon independently contributed 9.7% and 7%, respectively, to circulating CGRP variance. Other pancreatic and gut hormones were not significantly associated with CGRP.Conclusions: CGRP is involved in regulation of blood glucose in individuals after acute pancreatitis. This may have translational implications in prevention and treatment of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas.

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“…2 Compositional and metabolic changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) have been found in association with inflammatory bowel disease, where there are increases in Proteobacteria, Firmicutes bacillus, and Actinobacteria. 3 Dysbiosis has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity and allergies, [4][5][6][7][8] and most recently by us in sickle cell disease. 9 In addition to changing the intestinal microbiome, some antibiotics, like tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and macrolides, also have intrinsic anti-inflammatory effects on the hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics impacts outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

et al. 2018

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We carried out a retrospective cohort study on patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to determine whether antibiotics affect treatment outcome. Sixty consecutive patients were identified, and 17 received systemic antibiotics within 2 weeks before and/or after first dose of ICI. Antibiotic-treated patients were significantly younger (p = 0.0008) and less likely to receive nivolumab (p = 0.08) or had neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio < 5 (p = 0.08). They had a lower response rate (RR) (29.4% vs 62.8%) (p = 0.024) and more inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.048). Narrowspectrum antibiotics did not affect the RR. However, broad-spectrum antibiotics were associated with a lower RR (25% vs 61%) (p = 0.02) and a trend towards longer time to response (median: 14 weeks vs 12 weeks) (p = 0.1). They also had shorter PFS (p = 0.012). Multivariate analysis identified antibiotics as the only factor affecting RR (p = 0.0038) and PFS (p = 0.01). We next examined the 21 patients whose PFS lasted for 12 weeks or more. Five of the 21 patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics within 10 weeks before disease progression. There was a trend towards shorter PFS in these patients (p = 0.1). Finally, antibiotic-treated patients experienced shorter overall survival (OS) (median: 24 months vs 89 months) (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis found age (p = 0.035) and antibiotics (p = 0.038) to be the only factors affecting OS. Our results point to a detrimental effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on treatment outcome to ICI therapy.

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Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown

Cited by 95 publications

References 52 publications

Gut, oral and skin microbiome of Indian patrilineal families reveal perceptible association with age

Gut, oral and skin microbiome of Indian patrilineal families reveal perceptible association with age

Calcitonin gene-related peptide: neuroendocrine communication between the pancreas, gut, and brain in regulation of blood glucose

Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics impacts outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

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