Type 2 diabetes and healthcare resource utilisation in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Salman, R.; Alsayyad, Adel Salman; Ludwig, Craig

doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4795-5

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A cross sectional study reported that type 2 diabetes exerts a significant pressure on Bahrain's healthcare system—primarily due to costly diabetes-related complications. Thereby, reducing the risk factors for diabetes is mandatory to minimize disabling and expensive complications ( 33 ). Additionally, multivariate analysis for a wide community-based survey in Pakistan using glycated hemoglobin revealed a significant link between type 2 diabetes and old age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Al-Jawaldeh

Abbass

2022

Front. Nutr.

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There are 22 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) expanding from Morocco in the west to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east, containing a population of 725,721 million in 2020. In the previous 30 years, the illness burden in the EMR has transmitted from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In 2019, cardiovascular mortality in the EMR was mostly attributed to ischemic heart disease, the first reason for mortality in 19 countries in the region. Stroke was the second reason for death in nine countries followed by diabetes, which was ranked as the second reason for death in two countries. The prominent nutrition-related NCDs risk factors in EMR include obesity, hypertension, high fasting plasma glucose, and upregulated unhealthy diet consumption. Most of the EMR population are unaware of their NCDs risk factor status. These risk factors, even if treated, are often poorly controlled, therefore, inhibiting their existence by changing the lifestyle to proper dietary habits and sufficient physical activity is mandatory. In this review, the epidemiology and nutrition-related risk factors of NCDs in the EMR will be discussed and illustrated, aiming to scale up action and support decision-makers in implementing cost effective strategies to address obesity and NCDs prevention and management in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Al-Jawaldeh

Abbass

2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…Finally, we replaced our estimates of the impact of stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus on absenteeism and presenteeism with estimates used in a recent unpublished Kuwait study [19]. These estimates were derived from four previously published studies: Salman, Alsayyad, and Ludwig [3], Mitchell and Bates (2011) [20], Wang, Beck, and Berglund et al (2003) [21], and Bommer, Heesemann, and Sagalova et al [22].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most of the few studies that have been conducted focused on one condition in one country. Salman, AlSayyad, and Ludwig (2019), for example, estimated the direct cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bahrain [3]. Al-Busaidi, Habibullah, and Soriano (2013) estimated the direct cost of asthma in Oman [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of seven major noncommunicable diseases on direct medical costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Finkelstein

Malkin

Baid

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Economics

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Materials and methods:We used data from pre-existing datasets and the literature. We identified seven major noncommunicable diseases for which data were available: coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, colon cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. We estimated the per unit cost (the annual cost of treating each illness for one person) of each disease, multiplied per unit cost by disease prevalence counts to generate disease-specific costs, and then summed across diseases. We calculated the cost of absenteeism and presenteeism by multiplying the gross domestic product per person in the labor force by the loss in productivity from each disease due to absenteeism and presenteeism, respectively, and the prevalence in the labor force of each disease. Results:We estimate that the direct medical costs of seven major noncommunicable diseases in Gulf Cooperation Council countries are $16.7 billion (2019 International $), equal to 0.6 percent of gross domestic product. We estimate that absenteeism and presenteeism due to these seven noncommunicable diseases cost 0.5 percent and 2.2 percent of gross domestic product, respectively.Limitations: Our study does not capture all noncommunicable diseases and does not capture all types of indirect costs. Our cost estimates are particularly sensitive to our assumptions regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The economic burden of noncommunicable diseases in Gulf CooperationCouncil countries is substantial, suggesting that successful preventive interventions have the potential to improve both population health and reduce costs. Further research is needed to capture a broader array of noncommunicable diseases and to develop more precise estimates.

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“…In terms of economic impact, T2D places enormous pressure on GCC health budgets. For instance, Qatar, UAE, and Bahrain have spent, respectively, $0.5bn, $2bn, and $0.27bn directly on T2D diabetes in 2015 [ 30 , 31 ]. Likewise, in KSA, 34% ($10bn) of the 2014 health budget ($29 billion) was allocated to diabetes treatment.…”

Section: Diabetes In the Gcc: The Top Health Prioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, economic studies that estimate the real impact of diabetes on economic productivity in GCC are very scarce. For example, a recent study from Bahrain [ 30 ] estimated at $3.62 million the cost due to diabetes-associated absenteeism in 2015, when the number of subjects with diabetes was 154300 (IDF Atlas, 2015). With 202700 subjects with diabetes today (IDF, February 2020), this estimation has likely increased.…”

Section: Diabetes In the Gcc: The Top Health Prioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater and More Focused Measures Are Needed to Tackle Diabetes and Obesity Epidemics in the Nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council

Arredouani

2021

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Beyond the suffering of the affected subjects, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity epidemics gripping the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states are expected to seriously jeopardize these nations’ economies and development due to productivity losses. Available data show that healthcare budgets in GCC nations are under tremendous pressure because of diabetes- and obesity-linked comorbidities. Furthermore, T2D, once an over-forties disease, risks becoming a whole-adult-life condition because of obesity-associated early-onset T2D and prediabetes. The incidence of T2D is set to worsen unless efficient actions are taken to fight obesity and prevent the conversion of prediabetes to T2D. There is a consensus that the concomitant increase in obesity rates drives T2D rates upward. Fighting obesity at all levels should, therefore, take center stage for the GCC nations. The battle against obesity and T2D is a long-term and complex one. Therefore, only through concerted efforts between several public and private actors, including health, economic, and urbanization agencies, food producers and retailers, schools, families, youth organizations, sports clubs, and voluntary organizations, can this battle be won. The present review tries to assess the current status of diabetes and obesity epidemics in the GCC context and take stock of some of the policies and initiatives that have been, or need to be, implemented to address their growing burden.

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Type 2 diabetes and healthcare resource utilisation in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Obesity: The Major Risk Factors Beyond Non-Communicable Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

The impact of seven major noncommunicable diseases on direct medical costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Greater and More Focused Measures Are Needed to Tackle Diabetes and Obesity Epidemics in the Nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council

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