Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Two Young Adults Infected With HIV Early in Life

Dimock, David; Purdy, Julia B.; Hazra, Rohan; Hadigan, Colleen

doi:10.2337/dc10-2018

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…8 Current guidelines from the American Diabetes Association indicate that all patients with type 1 diabetes should have a dilated eye examination within 5 years of diagnosis and annually thereafter; and all patients with type 2 diabetes should have a dilated eye examination at the time of diagnosis and annually thereafter. 9 Owing to various reasons such as lack of knowledge, affordability and time, 10 ophthalmic care for many patients with diabetes remains less than optimal and many develop severe and irreversible visual impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy among inpatients with diabetes: the diabetic retinopathy inpatient study (DRIPS)

Kovarík

Eller

Willard

et al. 2016

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in the inpatient diabetic population in the USA and to determine the barriers to ophthalmic examinations and treatment among this population. Research design and methods A cross-sectional analysis of 113 inpatients with diabetes mellitus admitted to an inner city community teaching hospital in Pittsburgh. Digital fundus photographs of the posterior pole were taken of each eye after pharmacological dilation. Presence, absence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema were graded on the basis of internationally accepted criteria. An investigator-administered questionnaire and review of the medical record were used to obtain data about patient demographics, clinical characteristics and barriers to ophthalmic care. The association between these data and the presence of diabetic retinopathy was tested. Results The estimated prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the inpatient population was 44% (95% CI 34% to 53%). The prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening retinopathy was 25% (95% CI 17% to 33%) and 19% (95% CI 11% to 26%), respectively. Renal disease was independently associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy (OR, 3.86; 95% CI 1.22 to 12.27), as well as a longer duration of diabetes (OR, 1.08 per year; 95% CI 1.014 to 1.147). Diabetic retinopathy was seen in 15 of 17 patients admitted with diabetic foot ulcers or osteomyelitis. Frequently reported barriers to ophthalmic examinations included lack of transportation and physical disability. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in the inpatient population is likely significantly higher than in the general diabetic population in the USA. These patients have barriers to care that need to be addressed to make standard of care ophthalmic examinations and treatment possible in this population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%