Type 2 diabetes in young adults in Central Auckland: demography and complications

Beig, Junaid; Khanolkar, Manish; Cundy, Tim

doi:10.1111/imj.13623

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In Northland, DR prevalence (>R0) was twice as high among people with T2DM (34.6%) compared to people with T1DM (16.7%) . In Auckland, Europeans were the group with the highest prevalence of any DR (43.0%), though no Europeans had sight‐threatening DR, compared to 9.5% of Māori, 8.6% of Pacific and 4.1% of South Asians (Table ). Despite the younger age of participants in these studies, within each ethnicity group, the DR rates were similar to or higher than the rates reported for the broader age groups in other studies (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight studies reported prevalence of DR disaggregated by ethnicity or within one ethnicity group; five of these also reported sight‐threatening DR (Table ). When reporting DR, three studies presented data only for people with T2DM, four studies did not specify diabetes type, and one reported DR separately for people with T1DM and T2DM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the six register‐based studies focused on people diagnosed when young—Māori diagnosed before 30 years in Northland and everyone 18 to 39 years with T2DM at Auckland DHB . In Northland, DR prevalence (>R0) was twice as high among people with T2DM (34.6%) compared to people with T1DM (16.7%) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study was the only one that reported progression of DR. Though not disaggregated by ethnicity, at diagnosis 37.7% of young adults had DR and after a median follow‐up period of 6 years (inter‐quartile range: 4‐9 years), 55.8% had DR …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher rates of DR identified in non‐Europeans likely reflects lower engagement with diabetes management more broadly, including medical visits designed to prevent wider diabetes complications. The high proportion of young people developing T2DM being Pacific or Māori indicates that the intersection of ethnicity and youth/young adults susceptible to T2DM warrants particular attention in New Zealand. While outcomes for people of Asian ethnicity were infrequently reported in included studies, they tended to fare worse than Europeans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetic eye disease and screening attendance by ethnicity in New Zealand: A systematic review

Ramke

Jordan

Vincent

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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To examine differences in incidence, prevalence and screening for diabetic retinopathy in New Zealand, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL up to 6 December 2018 for observational studies reporting diabetic eye disease or attendance at retinal screening, disaggregated by ethnicity. Two authors separately screened and selected studies, and extracted data. None of the 11 included studies reported data on visual impairment from diabetic retinopathy. All nine studies reporting diabetic eye disease by ethnicity found Pacific people and Māori had higher rates of sight‐threatening disease and lower rates of screening attendance compared to Europeans. Data for Asian people were infrequently reported, but when they were, they also fared worse than Europeans. This review highlights that equity‐focused strategies are needed to address ethnic disparities in eye health among New Zealanders with diabetes. The review also identifies how research methods can be strengthened to enable future calculation of robust disease prevalence estimates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetic eye disease and screening attendance by ethnicity in New Zealand: A systematic review

Ramke

Jordan

Vincent

et al. 2019

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Diabetes self‐management and its related factors among Chinese young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

Nursing Open

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AimTo explore the status quo of self‐management among young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the determinants of self‐management under the guidance of social cognitive theory.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsIn total, 227 young adults (18–44 years old) with T2DM at two hospitals in Beijing completed the questionnaires. The Summary of Diabetes Self‐care Activities (SDSCA) was used, along with additional questionnaires about diabetes self‐efficacy, attitude, diabetes distress, diabetes knowledge, coping styles and social support. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the related factors of self‐management among the young patients.ResultsThe scores for the SDSCA in diet, exercise, blood‐glucose testing, foot care and medication taking were (4.16 ± 1.51), (3.46 ± 2.50), (2.28 ± 2.24), (1.08 ± 1.84) and (6.09 ± 1.88), respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that fasting blood‐glucose value was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours of diet, exercise, blood‐glucose testing and medication taking. Self‐efficacy was significantly associated with self‐management behaviours of diet, exercise and foot care. Diabetes distress, diabetes‐related social activity, confrontation, education, duration of T2DM, treatment modalities and diabetes knowledge were associated with the one or two dimensions of SDSCA in the young adults with T2DM.

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Morbidity and mortality after recognition of macroalbuminuria in Pasifika people with type 2 diabetes in a primary health-care practice

Cooke

McCready²,

Doherty³

et al. 2021

J. Prim. Health Care

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INTRODUCTION: Macroalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes is common among Pasifika peoples and is associated with end-stage kidney disease and major cardiovascular disease.AIM: In a primary care practice catering for Pasifika people, to determine the time after first recognition of macroalbuminuria to the occurrence of major cardiovascular and renal events, and to examine the relationship with retinopathy status. METHODS:In a retrospective observational cohort study, we documented the occurrence of major cardiovascular events and amputations, end-stage kidney disease and death in 115 people with type 2 diabetes reviewed by a specialist diabetes physician at the Langimalie Tongan Health practice between 2005 and 2018. The follow up was 1-19 (median 9.5) years from the first recognition of macroalbuminuria (albumin:creatinine ratio of .30 g/mol). Survival was described by using Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS: Macroalbuminuria was detected a mean of 9 years after the diagnosis of diabetes, at a mean age of 52 (standard deviation 12) years. Within 6 years of macroalbuminuria detection, 4% of people had died, 15% had reached end-stage kidney disease, 15% had cardiovascular events or amputations and 30% had the composite outcome of any of these. Within 12 years, the respective proportions were: 24%, 29%, 20% and 48%. The composite outcome was less frequent (P , 0.002) in patients without retinopathy at the time macroalbuminuria was recognised. Compared to patients with retinopathy, this group were younger (P ¼ 0.025), more obese (P , 0.0001), had better baseline renal function (P ¼ 0.018) and a shorter interval between the diagnosis of diabetes and recognition of macroalbuminuria (P , 0.0001). DISCUSSION:In this Pasifika population, macroalbuminuria was a marker for serious adverse cardiovascular and renal disease, and mortality, but in the 29% of patients without retinopathy at the time of recognition of macroalbuminuria, the natural history was more benign. The management of such comorbid patients is a substantial challenge for primary health-care services.

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Type 2 diabetes in young adults in Central Auckland: demography and complications

Abstract: New migrants, New Zealand-born Pāsifika and patients with mental illness or an intellectual disability comprise the bulk of young onset T2D. The disease is aggressive, and by the age of 40, patients are already developing advanced complications.

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Diabetic eye disease and screening attendance by ethnicity in New Zealand: A systematic review

Diabetic eye disease and screening attendance by ethnicity in New Zealand: A systematic review

Diabetes self‐management and its related factors among Chinese young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Morbidity and mortality after recognition of macroalbuminuria in Pasifika people with type 2 diabetes in a primary health-care practice

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