Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of hospital admission for heart failure and reduces the risk of in hospital mortality in Spain (2001–2015)

Incidence and costs of cardiovascular events in Spanish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparison with general population, 2015

“…Regarding heart failure, no statistically significant differences were observed in this study in the LOHS between the two groups and the cost per hospitalization was slightly lower in the cohort with T2DM at €179 (reduction of 3.74%, p<0.001). These results corroborate those from Muñoz-Rivas et al 44 who, for the 2013–2015 period, found both a shorter mean LOHS due to heart failure for the T2DM versus non-DM population (8.43 vs 8.48, respectively) and a slightly lower mean cost per hospitalization in the T2DM versus the non-DM group (€4184 (€2575) and €4209 (€2822), respectively). Although these results could be a priori associated with some extent to the higher inpatient mortality in patients with T2DM for this complication, Muñoz-Rivas, et al 44 found that inpatient mortality was lower in the T2DM (8.15%) group compared with the non-DM group (10.54%).…”

“…Moreover, the burden of the heart failure complication must be placed in context bearing in mind that in our study it is the complication that shows the largest differences in the incidence between the T2DM and non-DM cohorts (RR=3.80). Muñoz-Rivas et al 44 estimated a fivefold higher risk (IRR 4.93; 95% CI 4.91 to 4.95) in patients with T2DM. Finally, in another Spanish study based on data from the National Heart Failure Registry ( Registro Nacional de Insuficiencia Cardiaca ) 46 in which patients hospitalized for heart failure were followed up for 1 year, the presence of T2DM was statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.54; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.97, p=0.001) and with a higher probability of readmissions (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.80, p<0.001).…”

Diabetes-related cardiovascular and economic burden in patients hospitalized for heart failure in the US: a recent temporal trend analysis from the National Inpatient Sample

“…Interestingly, a different larger Scottish cohort of over 110,000 HF patients reported a decreased 30-day mortality in patients with DM knowing that in-hospital mortality was not registered [19]. Concordant to our findings, a Spanish registry for over 14 years of follow-up reported a decreased in-hospital mortality in HF patients with DM [20]. Similarly, in the American "Get with the Guidelines-HF Registry," a reduced mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure was attributed to DM [21].…”

Trends in Cause-Specific Outcomes Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure in the United Kingdom, 1998-2017

“…Four hospital-based studies from Europe 19,20 and the United States 21,22 have investigated trends in the characteristics and outcomes of patients with HF and type 2 diabetes. All studies were hospital-based and, with 1 exception, 20 focused on all-cause, in-hospital mortality or hospital readmissions.…”

“…However, trend data on outcomes and characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes and HF are scarce and have primarily focused on short-term mortality outcomes in hospital cohorts. 19,20,21,22 Given the current and projected increase in the health and economic burden of these 2 diseases, insights into these changes are of major importance to provide guidance into new potential therapeutic targets and to develop dynamic and responsive prevention approaches. Our study hypotheses were as follows: (1) in the general HF population, type 2 diabetes is associated with cause-specific short-term and long-term outcomes (ie, hospitalization and mortality) over a 20-year period, and (2) temporal trends in outcomes in HF differ by cause and type 2 diabetes status.…”