Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Corrao, Salvatore; Pinelli, Karen; Vacca, Martina; Raspanti, Massimo; Argano, Christiano

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.609470

Cited by 85 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…[66]. Likewise, it has been demonstrated that there is a critical relationship between cytokine storms and morbidity in patients with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV [67]. Furthermore, elevated levels of IL-6, a hallmark of severe MERS-CoV infection, is common in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and ARDS.…”

Section: Diabetes Covid-19 and Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

Norouzi

Ruggiero

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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The current outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has generated a notable challenge for diabetic patients. Overall, people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing different infectious diseases and demonstrate increased mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 progression and its severity, poor prognosis, and increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity is unclear; however, it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Using the envelope spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, a key protein expressed in metabolic organs and tissues such as pancreatic islets. Therefore, it has been suggested that diabetic patients are more susceptible to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, as glucose metabolism impairments complicate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease in these patients. In this review, we provide insight into the COVID-19 disease complications relevant to diabetes and try to focus on the present data and growing concepts surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infections in T2DM patients.

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Section: Diabetes Covid-19 and Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

Norouzi

Ruggiero

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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“…This condition of inflammatory interrupts the regulation of homeostatic glucose and peripheral insulin sensitivity. An abnormal and ineffective immune response can determine chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation [ 14 , 15 ]. Besides, recent studies have shown that patients with diabetes and severe COVID-19 showed a severe inflammatory response and were more likely to get mechanical ventilation and have higher mortality compared to non-diabetics [ [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ].…”

Section: Why Diabetes Is Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study also revealed that individuals with diabetes showed a much higher death rate (20.5 % versus 12.3 %) and lower survival time than patients without diabetes [ 27 ]. Further, another study done with 300 adult patients carrying confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection and hospitalized at King Salman Hospital from May 1 to July 31, 2020, showed T2D as the most typical comorbidity in 45.7 % of those affected with COVID-19 disease [ 15 ]. A study conducted among 566 patients at Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 15 and June 30, 2020, showed that the most common comorbidity was diabetes (21.8 %; 123/566) [ 39 ].…”

Section: Why Diabetes Is Important?mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 among people with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and new perspectives

Robert

Saeed

Dawish

2021

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Background and aim This review aims to report the current status of COVID-19 among people with diabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, and programmatic efforts including vaccinations. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed, Google, and Scopus until July 15, 2021. Results In Saudi Arabia, most studies have reported diabetes as one of the highly prevalent comorbidities among patients with COVID-19. Currently, there are limited studies from Saudi Arabia on the newly diagnosed diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis caused by COVID-19. The Saudi ministry has taken several measures to control the impact of COVID-19 among people with diabetes, including comprehensive guidelines and prioritized vaccinations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telehealth services dramatically increased in diabetes clinics in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions Focused and evidence-based interventions are essential to control the impact of COVID-19 among people with diabetes.

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“…Hypertension should consider as a clinical predictor for the severity of COVID-19 both in adults and children [10]. Also, diabetes is another comorbidity to increase the COVID-19 disease burden and mortality worldwide [11,12]. It plays a primary role in the development of pneumonia and sepsis due to the virus infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological abnormalities and comorbidities are associated with COVID-19 severity among hospitalized patients: Experience from Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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Background The hematological abnormalities are assumed to be involved in the disease progression of COVID-19. However, the actual associations between specific blood parameters and COVID-19 are not well understood. Here we aimed to assess the correlations between hematological parameters and the severity of COVID-19. Methods We included COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Evercare Hospital Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between November 10, 2020, to April 12, 2021, with a confirmed case of RT-PCR test. We recorded demographic information, clinical data, and routine hematological examination results of all COVID-19 patients. We performed statistical analyses and interpretation of data to compare severe COVID-19 patients (SCP) and non-severe COVID-19 patients (NSCP). Results The age and BMI of the admitted COVID-19 patients were 48.79±8.53 years and 25.82±3.75 kg/m2. This study included a total of 306 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Among them, NSCP and SCP were 198 and 108, respectively. And we recorded 12 deaths from SCP. We observed the alterations of several hematological parameters between SCP and NSCP. Among them, we noticed the increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), d-dimer, and ferritin showed good indicative value to evaluate the severity of COVID-19. Also, there were positive correlations among these parameters. Moreover, we found correlations between the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with patient’s demographics and comorbid diseases. Conclusion Based on our results, CRP, d-dimer, and ferritin levels at admission to hospitals represent simple assessment factors for COVID-19 severity and the treatment decisions at the hospital setup. These blood parameters could serve as indicators for the prognosis and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, our study findings might help to develop a treatment protocol for COVID-19 patients at the hospital setup.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Cited by 85 publications

References 92 publications

Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

Type-2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection

COVID-19 among people with diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and new perspectives

Hematological abnormalities and comorbidities are associated with COVID-19 severity among hospitalized patients: Experience from Bangladesh

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