Type A and self-evaluations: A social comparison perspective

Yuen, Sandra A.; Kuiper, Nicholas A.

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90196-v

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This would mean that the strategy of downward contrast is an adaptive strategy, rather than a strategy that would lead to burnout. Nevertheless, the elevated level of upward contrast among those high in burnout seems to be in line with evidence that other groups characterized by a low level of wellbeing-such as neurotics (Van der Zee et al, 1995), depressed individuals (Swallow & Kuiper, 1987), and Type A individuals (Yuen & Kuiper, 1992)seem to do more upward comparison, which probably means that these individuals usually contrast themselves with others doing better, and make themselves unhappy by feeling that "the grass is always greener on the other side. "…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout¹

Buunk

Ybema

Zee

2001

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The affective consequences of social comparison were examined in 2 field studies among nurses and related to the 3 dimensions of professional burnout: emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Study t was conducted in a sample of 99 nurses of a psychiatric hospital, and Study 2 in a sample of 237 nurses employed in various settings In general, upward comparisons evoked more positive and less negative affect than did downward comparisons. However, the affective consequences of social comparison were different for those high and low in burnout. Those low in personal accomplishment reported higher levels of negative affect from upward comparisons and higher levels of positive affect from downward comparisons than did those high in personal accomplishment. In addition, in Study 2, those high in depersonalization and emotional exhaustion derived more positive affect from downward comparisons than did those with lower levels of burnout.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout¹

Buunk

Ybema

Zee

2001

J Applied Social Pyschol

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“…Allan and Gilbert, 1995;Heilbrun, Blum and Goldreyer, 1985;Heilbrun, Diller and Dodson, 1986). Moreover, several studies have examined lower level personality variables, such as chronic depression (Pinkley, LaPrelle, Pyszczynski and Greenberg, 1988;Swallow and Kuiper, 1990), Type A behaviour (Strube, Boland, Manfredo and Al-Falaij, 1987;Yuen and Kuiper, 1992), and self-esteem (Buunk et al, 1990;Crocker, Thompson, McGraw and Ingerman, 1987;Wheeler and Miyake, 1992) as related to social comparison processes. Almost no studies have been performed focusing on basic personality traits (Gilbert and Allan, 1994;Van der Zee et al, 1996b, 1998a, 1998b.…”

Section: Identi®cation±contrast Processes In Social Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Big Five and identification-contrast processes in social comparison in adjustment to cancer treatment

Zee

Buunk²,

Sanderman³

et al. 1999

Eur. J. Pers.

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The present study examined the relationship between social comparison processes and the Big Five personality factors. In a sample of 112 patients with various forms of cancer it was found that Neuroticism was associated with a tendency to focus on the negative interpretation of social comparison information that expressed itself in identification with fellow patients who were doing worse. This identification process also seemed to mediate the (negative) relationship between Neuroticism and post‐treatment feelings of mastery and uncertainty. No relationship was found between Neuroticism and the tendency to contrast one's situation against the situation of others who are doing better. Unexpectedly, Extraversion was most strongly related to a tendency to contrast one's situation against the situation of fellow patients who are doing better. Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Intellect/Autonomy were unrelated to social comparison. The therapeutical implications of the findings for cancer patients are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Individuals with Type A personality tend to be insecure (Price, Friedman, Ghandour, & Fleischmann, 1995) and aggressive (Neuman & Baron, 1998). They are in need of control and compare themselves with others (Friedman & Rosenman, 1974), use maladaptive social‐comparison strategies (Yuen & Kuiper, 1992), and have a fear that justice does not prevail in the world (Lee, 1992). Because of the competitive component of TABP (Jawahar, 2002), it is possible that the link between aversive events and perceived lack of reciprocity is stronger for individuals high in TABP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Exchange at Work and Emotional Exhaustion: The Role of Personality1

Petrou

Kouvonen²,

Karanika‐Murray

2011

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

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Unbalanced social exchange processes at work have been linked to emotional exhaustion. In addition to organizational factors, individual differences are important determinants of reciprocity perceptions. This study explored whether broad and narrow personality traits were associated with perceived lack of reciprocity (organizational and interpersonal level), and whether personality moderated the relationship between reciprocity and emotional exhaustion, in a sample of 322 civil servants. Extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, internal locus of control, and Type-A behavior predicted reciprocity. The relationship between perceived lack of reciprocity with the organization and emotional exhaustion was stronger for individuals reporting lower negative affect or higher extraversion. These findings highlight the importance of personality for understanding perceived reciprocity at work and its impact on emotional exhaustion. Reciprocity, Emotional Exhaustion and Personality 3Perceived inequity has often been presented as a determinant of ill health, poor wellbeing, and reduced motivation (Masterson, Lewis, Goldman, &Taylor, 2000;Taris, Kalimo, & Schaufeli, 2002). Specifically, investigations of the role of social exchange relationships present a major trend in the study of burnout. It has been noted that cognitive and social processes may underline the experience of stress and burnout (for a theoretical review, see Halbesleben & Buckley, 2004). The role of perceived inequity for burnout has been acknowledged since the early 1990's and continues to be of major research interest (e.g., Buunk & Schaufeli, 1993;Disley, Hatton, & Dagnan, 2009). A number of social exchange theories, such as the Dual-Level Social Exchange model (DLSE, Schaufeli, van Dierendonck, & van Gorp, 1996), have been proposed in order to explain this link. However, research on the role of individual differences in perceived lack of reciprocity and on the relationship between perceived reciprocity and burnout is not systematic. The present study aims to contribute to this field of enquiry by investigating a wide range of personality traits. We start by examining current conceptual and empirical work before developing specific hypotheses on the relationships between perceived lack of reciprocity, personality, and emotional exhaustion.Equity theory (Adams, 1965) suggests that individuals seek reciprocity in social relationships, expecting that their investments and gains in a relationship will be proportional to the investments and gains of the other party in the relationship (interpersonal reciprocity).Furthermore, Pritchard (1969) introduced internal standards to the perception of reciprocity and argued that individuals would also expect their own perceived gains to be proportional to their perceived investments (intrapersonal reciprocity). This quality of exchange can be expressed by the ratio of investments to exchange outcomes between the two parties in a relationship (Adams, 1965). Equity theory is one of the most influential th...

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Type A and self-evaluations: A social comparison perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout¹

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout¹

The Big Five and identification-contrast processes in social comparison in adjustment to cancer treatment

Social Exchange at Work and Emotional Exhaustion: The Role of Personality1

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Type A and self-evaluations: A social comparison perspective

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout1

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout1

The Big Five and identification-contrast processes in social comparison in adjustment to cancer treatment

Social Exchange at Work and Emotional Exhaustion: The Role of Personality1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout¹

Affect Generated by Social Comparisons Among Nurses High and Low in Burnout¹