istic wear of the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the teeth, cervical lesions as well as periodontal damage and atrophy [3]. These pathological changes can be very extensive. The systemic and external symptoms of masticatory system disorders (MSD) also include headache, neck and back pain, earache, tinnitus and hearing disorders, hypertrophy of the masseter and temporal muscles (a so-called "square-shaped face"), soreness in the region of the attachment points of the masseter and temporal muscles and an increase in tension and pain in the muscles of the shoulder girdle.The symptom of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) that usually make patients seek medical help is pain, which can take the form of severe headaches, often confused with migraine headaches, and/or facial pain. In general, TMD patients are adults, but TMD can occur also in childhood [8,10]. It is generally the result of the coexistence of at least few of the factors that preThe masticatory system (MS) is the morphofunctional complex of mutually interacting tissues and organs of the mouth and facial part of the skull, forming a functional unit controlled by the central nervous system involved in the act of chewing, initial digestion, swallowing, the formation of sounds, breathing and participating in the expression of emotions. The individual components of this system interact with each other, creating a biological morphological-functional complex [1]. Dental articulation, the joints and chewing muscles are elements of the MS that are closely related both anatomically and topographically [2]. As a result of parafunctional activity, excessive and prolonged muscle tension can occur around the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the suboccipital muscles, the cervical spine and, frequently, the shoulder girdle muscles. In addition, an overload of the TMJ is observed. The oral cavity of patients with an overloaded TMJ usually shows character-
AbstractThe purpose of this work is to present a new, still experimental method of treating temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by injecting botulinum toxin Type A (TBX-A), using its effects not as a toxin but as a medication. The mechanism of TBX-A, indications and contraindications for its use, as well as possible side effects, are discussed. Temporomandibular disorders are of concern to approximately 70-80% of the population. The effect of botulinum toxin depends on blocking the release of acetylcholine from a presynaptic neuromuscular synapse and, in the autonomous system, blocking its release from post-ganglionic cholinergic neurons. In cases of long-term TMJ disorders, muscle activity increases and spastic contractions may even appear. TBX-A offers an opportunity for a normal social and family life for many patients suffering from masticatory system disorders (MSD), who have been isolated from the environment by pain. The study is based on a review of the literature and the authors' own experiences during several attempts to treat patients by this method. TBX-A is a safe medicine when the injection is performed by a w...