Type D Personality and Mortality in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Aquarius, Annelies E.; Smolderen, Kim G.; Hamming, Jaap F.; Vries, Jolanda De; Vriens, Patrick W.; Denollet, Johan

doi:10.1001/archsurg.2009.75

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In addition, a further study demonstrated that Type D CHD patients had a four-fold risk of major cardiac events over five years, independent of disease severity [5]. Similar findings were demonstrated in recent studies which demonstrated a comparable relationship between Type D and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) [6] and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) [7]. A further study found that Type D predicts death and recurrent MI in patients with acute MI after controlling for both disease and depression severity [8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Type D personality and three-month psychosocial outcomes among patients post-myocardial infarction

Williams

O’Connor

Grubb

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective: Type D personality has been proposed as a risk factor for poor prognosis in cardiac patients. Recent studies which have adopted a dimensional approach to Type D (negative affectivity × social inhibition) found no effect of Type D on mortality, after controlling for its constituent elements. To-date, no study has determined if Type D is associated with psychosocial outcomes in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients when conceptualised as a dimensional variable. Methods: Participants were 192 MI patients (138 males, 54 females, mean age 66.0 years) who provided demographic and clinical information, and completed measures of Type D one-week post-MI. Three months later, 131 of these MI patients completed measures of disability and quality of life. Results: Using regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and clinical data, Type D emerged as a significant predictor of disability and quality of life in MI patients, when analysed using the traditional categorical approach. However, Type D did not predict disability and quality of life when it was analysed using the interaction of negative affectivity and social inhibition. Negative affect emerged as a significant predictor of both disability (β=.433, t(130) = 3.53, p b .01), and quality of life (β= − .624, t(130) = − 5.68, p b .001). Conclusions:The results suggest that Type D is not associated with short-term psychosocial outcome in MI patients, after controlling for its constituent elements. However, negative affect was significantly associated with both disability and quality of life. Future research should conceptualise Type D as the interaction between negative affectivity and social inhibition, rather than as a typology.© 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionThe Type D construct describes individuals who simultaneously experience high levels of negative affectivity and high levels of social inhibition [1]. Type D individuals are, therefore, thought to experience negative emotions (such as anxiety, sadness, anger etc.) across time and situations and inhibit the expression of these emotions in social interactions due to fears of how others may react. Crucially, it is the synergistic effect of high scores on both stable personality traits, negative affectivity and social inhibition, which has been proposed as the key feature of the Type D construct, suggesting that it is not merely the presence of negative emotions that should be considered as a risk factor but also how an individual copes with these negative emotions [2].The first studies carried out on the Type D construct [1,3,4] demonstrated that Type D is associated with a four-fold increased risk of mortality in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, independent of traditional biomedical risk factors. In addition, a further study demonstrated that Type D CHD patients had a four-fold risk of major cardiac events over five years, independent of disease severity [5]. Similar findings were demonstrated in recent studies which demonstrated a comparable relationship between Type D and ...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Type D personality and three-month psychosocial outcomes among patients post-myocardial infarction

Williams

O’Connor

Grubb

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…22,23,25,27 Type D personality was also associated with an odds ratio Ն2.3 in heart failure, 28 heart transplantation, 29 and peripheral arterial disease. 30 There was no significant heterogeneity among these studies on prognosis, (Qϭ6.6, dfϭ8, PϽ0.001, I 2 ϭ0.0%), indicating that the pooling of studies was warranted.…”

Section: Type D Personality and Prognosismentioning

confidence: 92%

A General Propensity to Psychological Distress Affects Cardiovascular Outcomes

Denollet

Schiffer

Spek

2010

Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

245

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“…Williams et al compared males with and without Type D personality and found that the former group exhibited a significantly higher cardiac output during a stress condition. However, there was no relationship between Type D personality and cardiovascular reactivity in females [30]. It has been reported that 13-24% of individuals in a healthy adult population can be classified as a Type D personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%