Type I toxin-antitoxin systems in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Durand, Sylvain; Jahn, Natalie; Condon, Ciarán; Brantl, Sabine

doi:10.4161/rna.22358

Cited by 64 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Whether or not the fraction of free txpA mRNA is functional and expresses the TxpA toxin is unknown but translation regulation processes may apply as suggested for other toxins of the TA-I family. 21 MazE and the MazEF complex have been described in several bacterial species to bind directly to promoter regions of their encoding genes and repress transcription initiation 12 and we have demonstrated here that the mazEF-dependent activation of ratA occurs at the transcriptional level. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that mazEF may repress a transcriptional repressor of ratA, our observations indicate that this activation is most likely direct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…[16][17][18][19] Type I TA (TA-I) comprises an antisense non-coding RNA gene that pairs with the mRNA encoding toxin and prevents translation or activates degradation. 5,[20][21][22][23] TA-I toxins, such as TxpA, are generally small hydrophobic proteins forming pores in membranes. 5,[24][25][26][27] Type II TA systems (TA-II) are usually made up by a bicistronic operon encoding the antitoxin protein that interacts with the toxin and inactivates its deleterious effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

et al. 2015

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We discovered a chromosomal locus containing 2 toxin-antitoxin modules (TAs) with an antisense transcriptional organization in the E. faecalis clinical isolate V583. These TAs are homologous to the type I txpA-ratA system and the type II mazEF, respectively. We have shown that the putative MazF is toxic for E. coli and triggers RNA degradation, and its cognate antitoxin MazE counteracts toxicity. The second module, adjacent to mazEF, expresses a toxin predicted to belong to the TxpA type I family found in Firmicutes, and the antisense RNA antidote, RatA. Genomic analysis indicates that the cis-association of mazEF and txpA-ratA modules has been favored during evolution, suggesting a selective advantage for this TA organization in the E. faecalis species. We showed regulatory interplays between the 2 modules, involving transcription control and RNA stability. Remarkably, our data reveal that MazE and MazEF have a dual transcriptional activity: they act as autorepressors and activate ratA transcription, most likely in a direct manner. RatA controls txpA RNA levels through stability. Our data suggest a pivotal role of MazEF in the coordinated expression of mazEF and txpA-ratA modules in V583. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a crosstalk between type I and II TAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

et al. 2015

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“…Meanwhile, four toxin families are known in this species: TxpA/BsrG, BsrH/BsrE, YonT and YheZ. 14 While the plasmid-encoded systems ensure segregational stability, the biological role of the numerous chromosomally encoded TA systems remained enigmatic for a long time. The RNA cleaving toxin SymE from E. coli has been proposed to recycle damaged mRNAs produced under SOS stress conditions or to prevent infection with RNA phages.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some TA systems are induced under certain conditions like oxygen limitation or glucose exhaustion, and the function of these toxins could be to cause bacteriostasis to limit oxygen or glucose consumption, respectively. 14 Kawano suggests that bacteria benefit from TA systems in their defense against invasion factors like bacteriophages. 9 As Wagner and Unoson emphasize in this issue, 13 it has been found only recently that chromosomal TA systems play a role in persister formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RNA cleaving toxin SymE from E. coli has been proposed to recycle damaged mRNAs produced under SOS stress conditions or to prevent infection with RNA phages. 9 In B. subtilis, many toxin genes (e.g., txpA, bsrG and yonT ) are located on prophages and were suggested to be required for the maintenance of these phages, 14 which resembles the function of plasmid-encoded PSK systems. Some TA systems are induced under certain conditions like oxygen limitation or glucose exhaustion, and the function of these toxins could be to cause bacteriostasis to limit oxygen or glucose consumption, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bacterial type I toxin-antitoxin systems

Brantl

2012

RNA Biology

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A new sRNA‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation system for Bacillus subtilis

Yang

Wei

Liu

et al. 2018

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Many genetic tools for gene regulation have been developed during the past decades. Some of them edit genomic DNA, such as nucleotides deletions and insertions, while the others interfere with the gene transcriptions or messenger RNA translation. Here, we report a posttranscriptional regulation tool which is termed "Modulation via the small RNA (sRNA)-dependent operation system: MS-DOS" by engineering the type I toxin-antitoxin system in Bacillus subtilis. MS-DOS depends simply on insertion of an operation region (OPR; partial toxin-encoding region) downstream of a genomic open reading frame of interest and overexpression of the coupling antitoxin sRNA from a plasmid. Pairing between the OPR and the sRNA will trigger the RNAse degradation of the transcripts of selected genes. MS-DOS allows for the quantitative, specific, and reversible knockdown of single or multiple genomic genes in B. subtilis. We also showed that the truncated antitoxin SR4 with 53 nt length is sufficient to repress gene expression. Superior to other existing RNA based interfering systems, MS-DOS allows simultaneous knockdown of multiple genes with effortless expression of a single antitoxin RNA. This sRNA-guided repression system will further enrich the gene regulation tools and expand the gene regulation flexibility.

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Type I toxin-antitoxin systems inBacillus subtilis

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

Regulatory crosstalk between type I and type II toxin-antitoxin systems in the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

Bacterial type I toxin-antitoxin systems

A new sRNA‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation system for Bacillus subtilis

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