Type Ia supernova Hubble diagram with near-infrared and optical observations

Abstract

Context. Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) have been used as standardizable candles in the optical wavelengths to measure distances with an accuracy of ∼ 7% out to redshift z ∼ 1.5. There is evidence that in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths SNe Ia are even better standard candles, however, NIR observations are much more time-consuming. Aims. We aim to test whether the NIR peak magnitudes could be accurately estimated with only a single observation obtained close to maximum light, provided that the time of B band maximum, the B − V color at maximum and the optical stretch parameter are known. Methods. We present multi-epoch U BVRI and single-epoch J and H photometric observations of 16 SNe Ia in the redshift range z = 0.037 − 0.183, doubling the leverage of the current SN Ia NIR Hubble diagram and the number of SNe beyond redshift 0.04. This sample was analyzed together with 102 NIR and 458 optical light curves (LCs) of normal SNe Ia from the literature. Results. The analysis of 45 NIR LCs with well-sampled first maximum shows that a single template accurately describes the LCs if its time axis is stretched with the optical stretch parameter. This allows us to estimate the peak NIR magnitudes of SNe with only few observations obtained within ten days from B-band maximum. The NIR Hubble residuals show weak correlation with ∆M 15 and the color excess E(B − V), and for the first time we report a potential dependence on the J max − H max color. With these corrections, the intrinsic NIR luminosity scatter of SNe Ia is estimated to be ∼ 0.10 mag, which is smaller than what can be derived for a similarly heterogeneous sample at optical wavelengths. Analysis of both NIR and optical data shows that the dust extinction in the host galaxies corresponds to a low R V 1.8 − 1.9. Conclusions. We conclude that SNe Ia are at least as good standard candles in the NIR as in the optical and are potentially less affected by systematic uncertainties. We extended the NIR SN Ia Hubble diagram to its nonlinear part at z ∼ 0.2 and confirmed that it is feasible to accomplish this result with very modest sampling of the NIR LCs, if complemented by well-sampled optical LCs. With future facilities it will be possible to extend the NIR Hubble diagram beyond redshift z 1, and our results suggest that the most efficient way to achieve this would be to obtain a single observation close to the NIR maximum.Send offprint requests to: vallery.stanishev@gmail.comPartly based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the Paranal Observatory under program IDs 079.A-0192 and 081.A-0734.The tables with the near-infrared J and H K-corrections are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via (21) 9.962 (0.004) 9.963 (0.002) Var Notes. (a)See text for the references for the NIR photometry. (b) The two numbers are the uncertainties of the peak magnitude and the K-corrections. (c) Estimated from our s opt − ∆M 15 relation. The ∆M 15 relation. (c) See text for the references for the NIR photometry. ...

Are Type Ia Supernovae in Rest-frame H Brighter in More Massive Galaxies?

“…templates. Stanishev et al (2018) presented their own Kcorrection methodology but do not provide an updated set of spectral templates. If SNe Ia were all the same in the NIR, then the excellent NIR spectral series on SN 2011fe (Hsiao et al 2013) or SN 2014J (Marion et al 2015) would provide sufficient data for good K-corrections.…”

“…SNe Ia in the H band have been shown to be standard to 0.15-0.2 mag without light-curve corrections (Wood-Vasey et al 2008;Folatelli et al 2010;Barone-Nugent et al 2012;Kattner et al 2012;Weyant et al 2014;Stanishev et al 2018;Avelino et al 2019), whereas optical light curves before brightness standardization have significantly larger scatter of ∼0.8 mag (Hamuy et al 1995). However, there are only ∼220 NIR light curves publicly available compared to the >1000 available for optically observed SNe Ia.…”

Testing the consistency of dust laws in SN Ia host galaxies: A BayeSN Examination of Foundation DR1

“…Still, there is ongoing debate over whether 'normal' samples of SNe Ia with ( − ) 0.3 are consistent with a low ≈ 1-2 (e.g. Nobili & Goobar 2008;Stanishev et al 2018), a higher of ≈ 2.5-3 (e.g. Folatelli et al 2010;Chotard et al 2011;Foley & Kasen 2011;Mandel et al 2011Mandel et al , 2017Mandel et al , 2020Burns et al 2014;Sasdelli et al 2016;Léget et al 2020;Arima et al 2021), or a wider range of values (e.g.…”

“…Recently, however, Johansson et al (2021) analysed a sample from the literature (including CfA/CfAIR, CSP-I, and others from Barone-Nugent et al 2012;Stanishev et al 2018;Amanullah et al 2015), along with 42 SNe Ia from their own intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF; Rau et al 2009) survey whose NIR data were obtained with the Reionization and Transients InfraRed camera (RATIR; Butler et al 2012). They estimated NIR mass steps consistent with zero (although not entirely inconsistent with previous literature estimates), and claimed that fitting for on a supernova-by-supernova basis eliminated the mass step in the optical.…”

Prospects of cosmic superstring detection through microlensing of extragalactic point-like sources

“…The velocity of the lens is taken to be identical to that of the dark matter in ΛCDM cosmology (assumed isotropic with 1 dimensional dispersion ∼ 280 km/s, Bahcall et al 1994). The peculiar velocity of SNe Ia may be estimated from the residual errors in the calibration of light curves in low redshift samples (∼ 150 − 250 km/s af-ter all systematic effects are accounted for, Stanishev et al 2018). Alternatively, it may be estimated from the peculiar velocity of peaks in ΛCDM cosmology (a linear analysis of gaussian random fields ∼ 290 km/s, Suhhonenko & Gramann 2003).…”