Type IV cPLA2 in red blood cells: Evidence for differences between two subgroups on dyslexic-type adults and controls

MacDonell, L.E.F.; Skinner, Frank; Ward, P.E.; Glen, A.I.M.; MacDonald, Donald J.; Boyle, R.M.; Horrobin, David F.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(00)90954-x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A recent study has shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids are decreased in the erythrocyte membranes of patients with autism as compared to normal control (Bell et al, 2000). Increased levels of phospholipase A 2 , an enzyme that removes unsaturated fatty acids from the phospholipids, have also been observed in the erythrocytes of patients with schizophrenia and dyslexia (MacDonell et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in amino-glycerophospholipids levels in the plasma of children with autism: A potential biochemical diagnostic marker

Chauhan

Cohen

et al. 2004

Life Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in amino-glycerophospholipids levels in the plasma of children with autism: A potential biochemical diagnostic marker

Chauhan

Cohen

et al. 2004

Life Sciences

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“…It could be speculated that visual processing difficulties which cause problems in interpreting facial affect may have a similar causal basis across a number of disabilities. Richardson and Ross (2000) hypothesise that abnormalities in fatty acid phospholipid metabolism may be a factor in a wide range of disorders, with phospholipid anomalies identified in people with visual processing problems and Dyslexia being similar to those identified in people with Schizophrenia (Horrobin, Glen, & Hudson, 1995;MacDonnell, Skinner, Ward, Glen, Glen, MacDonald, Boyle, & Horrobin, 2000). Robinson, McGregor, Roberts, Dunstan, and Butt (2001) and Sparkes, Robinson, Dunstan, and Roberts (2003) found anomalies in fatty acids in children an adults with Irlen Syndrome, as well as indicators of immune system dysfunction which may influence the metabolism of fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Interpretation of Emotion from Facial Expression for Children with Visual Processing Problems

Robinson

Whiting

2003

Australas. j. spec. educ.

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A significant proportion of people with learning difficulties have social problems, which are often considered to be the product of school failure. However, a number of studies have suggested that these social skill problems may relate to the inability to decode subtle visual cues of body language and facial expression. The majority of studies of facial expression, however, have viewed learning disability as a unitary condition, without taking account of specific sub‐types which may have more difficulty in processing visual cues, especially for facial emotion. This study investigated children aged 8 to 12 years who were divided into three learning disability sub‐groups: 1) a visual‐perceptual sub‐type called Irlen Syndrome (n=41); 2) a group with learning disabilities, but no indications of Irlen Syndrome (n=30); and 3) a normally achieving control group (n=31). The Irlen Syndrome sub‐group had significantly lower scores for interpreting emotion from facial expression than the two other groups. The learning disabled non‐lrlen sub‐group also had significantly lower scores than the control group, but with much smaller levels of significance than those between the Irlen and control groups.

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“…Defective PUFAs metabolism due to abnormally high seric concentration of phospholipase A2, reduced incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and, ultimately, phospholipids into cell membranes has been documented in disabled readers [8, [44][45][46]. Indeed, mild clinical signs of fatty acid deficiency, namely rough and dry skin and hair, weak and soft fingernails, dandruff, follicular keratosis, polydipsia, and pollakiuria, have been reported in these patients [47][48][49], and confirmed with biochemical testing in a dyslexic boy [47].…”

Section: Evidence For Abnormal Metabolism Of Polyunsatu-rated Fatty Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Frame of the Magnocellular Theory of Dyslexia

Aleci

2017

JAMPS

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In the last decades evidence has been collected that the depletion of the visual magnocellular population (a fast-conduction cellular system made of large ganglion neurons) plays a pathogenetical role in developmental dyslexia. Smaller size of the magnocells and reduction of their overall number in a proportion of disabled readers, in fact, are believed to hamper the visual processing of the written text. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important structural parts of the cellular membrane and of the cytoskeleton, and are pivotal for the correct development and functioning of neurons. Magnocells are thought to be particularly vulnerable to PUFAs deficiency, due to the large extent of their plasma membrane: so, reduced availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids is argued to selectively affect the magnocellular population. Indeed, PUFAs deficiency has been reported in a consistent proportion of disabled readers. This finding has led to hypothesize this deficiency may play a main role in the reading problems of patients by hindering the normal development of their magnocellular pathway. Based on these assumption there is some evidence that dietary supplementation with a predefined combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids has a beneficial effect on the reading Aleci; JAMPS, 12(4): 1-9, 2017; Article no.JAMPS.32962 2 performance and behavior of dyslexics. Here the rationale for this line of intervention is reported. The conclusion is that supplementation of dyslexic children with PUFAs is worth to be considered, despite its effectiveness in improving their academic skills needs further clarification. Mini-review Article

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Type IV cPLA2 in red blood cells: Evidence for differences between two subgroups on dyslexic-type adults and controls

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Alteration in amino-glycerophospholipids levels in the plasma of children with autism: A potential biochemical diagnostic marker

Alteration in amino-glycerophospholipids levels in the plasma of children with autism: A potential biochemical diagnostic marker

The Interpretation of Emotion from Facial Expression for Children with Visual Processing Problems

Rationale of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Frame of the Magnocellular Theory of Dyslexia

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