Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia: effects of a caloric restricted type IV diet versus physical training plus isocaloric type IV diet

Abstract

Serum lipids, plasma insulin and glucagon, aerobic capacity, and body composition were examined in middle-aged men (X age = 44.2 years) with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia to determine the relative effectiveness of a caloric restricted type IV hyperlipoproteinemia diet (group A) versus physical training plus an isocaloric type IV diet (group B). After 9 weeks of the above interventions, reductions (P less than 0.01) in mean cholesterol levels from 213 to 186 (12% change) and from 205 to 185 mg/dl (9% change), and in triglyceride levels from 332 to 211 (29% change) and from 263 to 138 mg/dl (42% change) were found for groups A and B, respectively. A small reduction in mean fasting insulin level was found only in group B; this reduction appeared inversely associated with increases in aerobic capacity in group B (r = -0.66). Both interventions were without effect on fasting glucagon levels. The physical training program prescribed resulted in a 12% increase in aerobic capacity (group B). Significant mean body weight reductions of 7.7 lb (P less than 0.01) and 2.9 lb (P less than 0.01) were seen for groups A and B, respectively; these absolute body weight reductions differed significantly (P less than 0.05) between groups. Both groups significantly lost body fatness (P less than 0.01). These reductions in body weight and body fatness appeared independent of changes in lipid levels. These results demonstrate that both interventions reduce serum lipids in men with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia but that physical training plus an isocaloric type IV diet may be the more advantageous of the two regimens, since a greater percentage decrease and a more sustained reduction in serum triglyceride levels, and a greater reduction of fasting hyperinsulinemia were observed in group B.

Effect of Physical Training on Insulin Action in Obesity

“…These results demonstrate that habitual exercise of moderate intensity can significantly reduce the hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity. Similar observations have previously been reported in highly trained runners (39) and in obese individuals (25,26,(40)(41)(42)(43) during an OGTT.…”

Changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins following 10-days of prolonged walking: influence of age and relationship to physical activity level

“…Both acute and chronic exercise are recognized to have triglyceride-lowering effects (Lampman et al 1980, Leaf and Kuehl 1988, Leaf et al 1997. It has been shown that exercise may have a smaller effect on plasma total triglyceride (TAG) in participants who have relatively low triglyceride levels (Crouse et al 1995); therefore, exercise-induced lowering of TAG occurs more prominently among those with high TAG levels (Crouse et al 1995).…”

Sustained Effect of Zinc‐protamin‐glucagon in Hyperlipidaemic Patients

“…It is still not very well established whether treatment for hyperlipidaemia might be related to changes in plasma glucagon. There is some suggestion that glucagon response to arginine stimulation is increased in patients during clofibrate treatment (Eaton 1973b), while dietetary treatment of type IV hyperlipidaemia seems unrelated to the unstimulated glucagon concentration (Lampman et al 1980). Nicotinic acid seems to induce an increase in plasma glucagon concentration (Luycks & Lefebvre 1970).…”

“…This is probably due to differences in glucagon concentration, the timing of the blood tests (Schade & Eaton 1975b) and a host of regulatory mechanisms modifying the response. The effect on plasma triglycerides depend on the concentrations of insulin, free fatty acids, growth hormone and catacholamines (Heimberg et al 1969;Vanderschueren-Lodeweyckx et al 1974;Schade & Eaton 1975a& 1975bLampman et al 1980). It is less well known which factors may modify the response of plasma cholesterol.…”