Type-specific proactive interference in patients with semantic and phonological STM deficits

Harris, Lara; Olson, Andrew; Humphreys, Glyn W.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2013.860171

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, Harris and colleagues recently performed a memory rehabilitation study [26] with two older patients who, following a cerebral vascular accident, showed contrasting impairments in phonological STM versus semantic STM. Both interventions involved one 1.5 hour per session per week, over 10 weeks, in combination with at-home exercises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that the treatment materials were confined to lists of words, the patient with impaired semantic STM showed significant improvements in sentence anomaly judgment following the semantic treatment intervention, but not after the phonologically-focused intervention, whereas the patient with impaired phonological STM showed post-treatment improvement on sentence repetition. Harris, Olson, and Humphreys [26] underscore the need for more research into STM rehabilitation, not only because of the high incidence of memory deficits following brain injury, but also because such interventions might lead to generalized treatment effects to other abilities (e.g., from word lists to sentences) and provide new insights into the processes supporting STM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new index of semantic short-term memory: Development and validation of the conceptual span task in Spanish

Aizpurua

Koutstaal

2018

PLoS ONE

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Mounting evidence from both cognitive and neuropsychological research points to the importance of conceptual and lexical-semantic contributors to short-term memory performance. Nonetheless, a standardized and well-controlled measure to assess semantic short-term memory was only recently developed for English-speakers, and no parallel measure exists for Spanish-speakers. In the conceptual replication and extension reported here, we develop and validate a Spanish adaptation of the Conceptual Span task as a tool to measure the semantic component of short-term memory. Two versions of the task were validated, the Clustered and the Non-Clustered Conceptual Span task, both in separate samples of 64 and 105 Spanish-speaking university students. We found that both versions of the Conceptual Span task correlate well with another widely used standardized measure of working memory capacity, the Reading Span task. The two versions also correlated, as expected, with discrimination of linguistic congruency as assessed by a semantic anomaly judgment task. Clustered Conceptual Span remained a significant predictor of Reading Span when controlling for several additional cognitive variables, including fluid reasoning, text comprehension, verbal fluency, ideational fluency, and speed of processing. Our results present evidence that the Spanish adaptation of both versions of the Conceptual Span task can yield reliable estimates of the active maintenance of semantic representations in verbal working memory–an under-investigated ability that is involved in diverse domains such as episodic memory retrieval, language processing, and comprehension. Thus, the Conceptual Span task validated here can be employed to predict individual variation in semantic short-term memory capacity in a broad range of research domains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new index of semantic short-term memory: Development and validation of the conceptual span task in Spanish

Aizpurua

Koutstaal

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…In contrast to the inconsistent results for complex span measures and simple span measures tapping phonological storage, one measure which has been consistently related to argument integration during sentence processing is the category probe task, an index of semantic short-term memory (STM) in which participants are presented with a word list and asked to judge whether a probe word is in the same semantic category as any list word (Martin and Romani, 1994 ; Martin et al, 1994 ; Hanten and Martin, 2000 ; Martin and He, 2004 ; Martin, 2005 ; Harris et al, 2013 ). Martin et al ( 1994 ); Martin and He ( 2004 ) reported a double dissociation between aphasic patients with semantic STM deficits and patients with phonological STM deficits, with the two types of STM deficits having different consequences for sentence comprehension.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Wm and Their Role In Sentence Procmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic and Syntactic Interference in Sentence Comprehension: A Comparison of Working Memory Models

2017

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This study investigated the nature of the underlying working memory system supporting sentence processing through examining individual differences in sensitivity to retrieval interference effects during sentence comprehension. Interference effects occur when readers incorrectly retrieve sentence constituents which are similar to those required during integrative processes. We examined interference arising from a partial match between distracting constituents and syntactic and semantic cues, and related these interference effects to performance on working memory, short-term memory (STM), vocabulary, and executive function tasks. For online sentence comprehension, as measured by self-paced reading, the magnitude of individuals' syntactic interference effects was predicted by general WM capacity and the relation remained significant when partialling out vocabulary, indicating that the effects were not due to verbal knowledge. For offline sentence comprehension, as measured by responses to comprehension questions, both general WM capacity and vocabulary knowledge interacted with semantic interference for comprehension accuracy, suggesting that both general WM capacity and the quality of semantic representations played a role in determining how well interference was resolved offline. For comprehension question reaction times, a measure of semantic STM capacity interacted with semantic but not syntactic interference. However, a measure of phonological capacity (digit span) and a general measure of resistance to response interference (Stroop effect) did not predict individuals' interference resolution abilities in either online or offline sentence comprehension. The results are discussed in relation to the multiple capacities account of working memory (e.g., Martin and Romani, 1994; Martin and He, 2004), and the cue-based retrieval parsing approach (e.g., Lewis et al., 2006; Van Dyke et al., 2014). While neither approach was fully supported, a possible means of reconciling the two approaches and directions for future research are proposed.

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“…Moreover, discrepancies between the findings of studies on interference may also arise from the various paradigms used to assess interference effects. Indeed, most studies comparing semantic and phonological interference have used working memory build-up of interference paradigms (Hamilton & Martin, 2007; Hanseeuw et al, 2010; Harris et al, 2014) or focused on generating false memories using Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigms (Ballou & Sommers, 2008; Sommers & Huff, 2003; Sommers & Lewis, 1999; D. M. Wilson et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, previous studies obtained conflicting results concerning the impact of semantic knowledge breakdown on vulnerability to semantic interference. For example, some case studies of patients with isolated semantic or phonological deficits showed that the former was equally vulnerable to both types of interference due to global deficits in control processes (Hamilton & Martin, 2007) or even demonstrated heightened phonological interference and facilitated management of semantic interference (Harris et al, 2014). These results are also in line with those obtained by D.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to semantic and phonological interference in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Chasles,

Joubert,

Cole

et al. 2024

Neuropsychology

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Objective: To determine whether the increased vulnerability to semantic interference previously observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is specifically associated with semantic material or if it also affects other types of material, suggesting generalized executive and inhibitory impairment. Method: Seventy-two participants divided into two groups (33 aMCI, 39 normal control [NC]) matched for age and education were included. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological examination, the French version of the Loewenstein Acevedo Scale for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L; semantic interference test), and a homologous experimental phonological test, the phonological interference and learning test. Independent sample t tests, mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on memory and interference scores were conducted to compare memory and interference in both conditions for both groups. Results: For memory scores, results revealed significant main effects of group (NC > aMCI) and condition (semantic > phonological) and significant interactions (poorer performance in the semantic condition for aMCI). aMCI committed more phonological false recognition errors, were disproportionately more vulnerable to retroactive semantic interference, and showed a higher percentage of intrusion errors associated with proactive semantic interference than NC. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare vulnerability to interference in aMCI and normal aging with two similarly designed semantic and phonological word list learning tasks. Taken together, our results suggest that aMCI present with broad difficulties in source memory and inhibition, but that impaired deep semantic processing results in additional semantic intrusion errors during proactive interference and impacts their ability to show good recall after an interference list (greater semantic retroactive interference). Results are discussed according to the level-of-processing and activation/monitoring theories.

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Type-specific proactive interference in patients with semantic and phonological STM deficits

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

A new index of semantic short-term memory: Development and validation of the conceptual span task in Spanish

A new index of semantic short-term memory: Development and validation of the conceptual span task in Spanish

Semantic and Syntactic Interference in Sentence Comprehension: A Comparison of Working Memory Models

Vulnerability to semantic and phonological interference in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

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