Type VII secretion systems: structure, functions and transport models

Rivera-Calzada, Ángel; Famelis, N.; Llorca, Óscar; Geibel, Sebastian

doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00560-5

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Among these genes, EsxA (6 kDa early secreted antigenic target, ESAT-6) and EsxB (10 kDa culture filtrate protein, CFP-10) have drawn much attention for their essential roles in Mtb virulence [26][27][28][29]. The esxBA operon is located within the esx-1 locus that encodes the ESX-1 Type VII secretion system [30][31][32][33]. Both EsxA and EsxB are found in the Mtb culture supernatant and considered as the secreted substrates of the ESX-1 system [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small Protein but with Diverse Roles: A Review of EsxA in Mycobacterium–Host Interaction

Bao

Wang

Sun

2021

Cells

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As a major effector of the ESX-1 secretion system, EsxA is essential for the virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). EsxA possesses an acidic pH-dependent membrane permeabilizing activity and plays an essential role by mediating mycobacterial escape from the phagosome and translocation to the cytosol for intracellular replication. Moreover, EsxA regulates host immune responses as a potent T-cell antigen and a strong immunoregulator. EsxA interacts with multiple cellular proteins and stimulates several signal pathways, such as necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and antigen presentation. Interestingly, there is a co-dependency in the expression and secretion of EsxA and other mycobacterial factors, which greatly increases the complexity of dissecting the precise roles of EsxA and other factors in mycobacterium–host interaction. In this review, we summarize the current understandings of the roles and functions of EsxA in mycobacterial infection and discuss the challenges and future directions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small Protein but with Diverse Roles: A Review of EsxA in Mycobacterium–Host Interaction

Bao

Wang

Sun

2021

Cells

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“…Indeed, 36D1 and CSL1 bear the hylD gene that is a component of the Escherichia coli α-hemolysin secretion system (type I secretion system) which is otherwise made up also of hlyA, hlyB, and tolC [ 45 ]. Most, but not all, W. coagulans strains are featured by genes of the type VII secretion system (cT7SS) which exports proteins lacking a canonical cleavable signal peptide but bearing a WXG motif at the N-terminus [ 46 ]. EsxA and EsxB are molecular markers of the T7SS system and the corresponding genes (esxA and esxB) are usually part of clusters each harboring coding sequences for a membrane-associated ATPase of the FtsK–SpoIIIE protein family and for other putative components of the secretion system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Weizmannia coagulans Genomes Unravels the Genetic Potential for Biotechnological Applications

Aulitto

Martínez-Álvarez

Fiorentino

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The production of biochemicals requires the use of microbial strains with efficient substrate conversion and excellent environmental robustness, such as Weizmannia coagulans species. So far, the genomes of 47 strains have been sequenced. Herein, we report a comparative genomic analysis of nine strains on the full repertoire of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), secretion systems, and resistance mechanisms to environmental challenges. Moreover, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) immune system along with CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes, was also analyzed. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the strain’s genomic diversity of W. coagulans to fully exploit its potential in biotechnological applications.

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“…The genes in the vicinity of the gene encoding ESAT-6 [122], were proposed to represent such secretion system which was named ESX, and later coined the T7SS [123]. Genomic and biochemical studies suggested a minimal organisation of the T7SS involving the inner membrane components EccB, EccC, EccD, EccE and MycP [124–126]. In case of the M.…”

Section: The Challenges Of Classifying By Secretion Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial protein secretion systems: Game of types

Filloux

2022

Microbiology

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Protein trafficking across the bacterial envelope is a process that contributes to the organisation and integrity of the cell. It is the foundation for establishing contact and exchange between the environment and the cytosol. It helps cells to communicate with one another, whether they establish symbiotic or competitive behaviours. It is instrumental for pathogenesis and for bacteria to subvert the host immune response. Understanding the formation of envelope conduits and the manifold strategies employed for moving macromolecules across these channels is a fascinating playground. The diversity of the nanomachines involved in this process logically resulted in an attempt to classify them, which is where the protein secretion system types emerged. As our knowledge grew, so did the number of types, and their rightful nomenclature started to be questioned. While this may seem a semantic or philosophical issue, it also reflects scientific rigour when it comes to assimilating findings into textbooks and science history. Here I give an overview on bacterial protein secretion systems, their history, their nomenclature and why it can be misleading for newcomers in the field. Note that I do not try to suggest a new nomenclature. Instead, I explore the reasons why naming could have escaped our control and I try to reiterate basic concepts that underlie protein trafficking cross membranes.

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Type VII secretion systems: structure, functions and transport models

Cited by 59 publications

References 187 publications

A Small Protein but with Diverse Roles: A Review of EsxA in Mycobacterium–Host Interaction

A Small Protein but with Diverse Roles: A Review of EsxA in Mycobacterium–Host Interaction

A Comparative Analysis of Weizmannia coagulans Genomes Unravels the Genetic Potential for Biotechnological Applications

Bacterial protein secretion systems: Game of types

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