The C-terminal end of collagen XV, restin, has been the focus of several studies, but the functions of full-length collagen XV have remained unknown. We describe here studies on the production, purification, and function of collagen XV and the production of a monoclonal N-terminal antibody to it. Full-length human collagen XV was produced in insect cells using baculoviruses and purified from the cell culture medium. The yield was 15 mg/liter of cell culture medium. The collagen XV was shown to be trimeric, with disulfide bonds in the collagenous region. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy revealed rod-like molecules with a mean length of 241.8 nm and with a globular domain at one end. The globular domain was verified to be the N-terminal end by N-terminal antibody binding. The molecules show flexibility in their conformation, presumably due to the many interruptions in their collagenous domains. The ability of collagen XV to serve as a substrate for cells was tested in cell adhesion assays, and it was shown that cells did not bind to collagen XVcoated surfaces. When added to the culture medium of fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells, however, collagen XV rapidly bound to their fibronectin network. Solid phase assays showed that collagen XV binds to fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin and that it binds to the collagen/gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin. No binding was detected to fibrillar collagens, fibril-associated collagens, or decorin. Interestingly, collagen XV was found to inhibit the adhesion and migration of fibrosarcoma cells when present in fibronectin-containing matrices.Lack of collagen XV in mice leads to the development of skeletal myopathy, collapsed capillaries, and degenerating endothelial cells in the heart and skeletal muscles, suggesting that collagen XV may be important for linking basement membranes to their surrounding tissues (1). Indeed, EM 2 studies have indicated that collagen XV links banded collagen fibers to basement membranes (2).It has been proposed that collagen XV may be involved in the invasiveness of tumors because it is lost in the malignant epithelial basement membranes of colonic adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas (3, 4) and because melanocytic nevi and malignant melanomas in situ were positive for collagen XV, whereas melanomas with dermal invasion were negative (5). Recent studies with collagen XV and XVIII double null mice have indicated that collagen XV may also have a regulatory role in inhibiting the migration of astrocytes (6).Collagen XV is a non-fibrillar collagen widely distributed in various tissues, where it has been shown to localize to the basement membrane zones (7-9). Human collagen XV is a homotrimer with ␣ chains composed of 1363 amino acid residues containing a highly interrupted collagenous domain of 577 amino acids flanked by large non-collagenous N-and C-terminal domains of 530 and 256 amino acids, respectively (10, 11). Collagen XV shares structural homology with collagen XVIII, and they together form a subgroup of collagens with their highest ...