Types and Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer

Alnasir, Faisal; Abduljabbar, Duaa; Al-Rawahi, Fatma; Faqihi, Fatima; Al-Khayat, Maryam; Al-Mahmeed, Mooza; Al-Khazali, Muneera; Al-Sayed, Noor; Alghaffar, Shareefa

doi:10.12816/0004484

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…CC is associated with a considerable disease burden in the Kingdom of Bahrain and represents an important health concern among the female population [ 2 – 4 ]. This study provides a recent estimate of the prevalence and type distribution of both HR- and LR-HPV in Bahraini and non-Bahraini women from 16 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Kingdom of Bahrain, 369,821 women aged under 15 years are at a risk of CC [ 2 ]. CC ranks as the third most frequent cause of cancer in women with a crude annual incidence of four per 100,000 women in the Kingdom of Bahrain [ 2 – 4 ]. Twenty two new cases of CC are diagnosed every year and CC causes approximately 5 deaths annually in the Kingdom of Bahrain [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women in the Kingdom of Bahrain

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPersistent infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, the fourth most frequent cancer in the Kingdom of Bahrain, with an annual incidence of four per 100,000 women. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and type distribution of HPV in Bahraini and non-Bahraini women attending routine screening. HPV prevalence was assessed by risk factors and age distribution. Health-related behaviors and HPV awareness were also studied.MethodsThis observational study was conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in the Kingdom of Bahrain (NCT01205412). Women aged either ≥20 years attending out-patient health services for routine cervical screening or ≥16 years attending post-natal check-ups were enrolled. Cervical samples were collected and tested for HPV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction and typed using the SPF10 DEIA/LiPA25 system. All women completed two questionnaires on health-related behavior (education level, age at first marriage, number of marital partners, parity and smoking status) and HPV infection awareness.ResultsHPV DNA was detected in 56 of the 571 women included in the final analysis (9.8%); 28 (4.9%), 15 (2.6%) and 13 (2.3%) women were infected with single, multiple and unidentifiable HPV types, respectively. The most prevalent HPV types among the HPV positive women were HR-HPV-52 in eight (1.4%), HR-HPV-16, -31 and -51 in six women each (1.1%); low-risk (LR)-HPV-6 in four (0.7%); and LR-HPV-70, -74 in three women each (0.5%). Co-infection with other HR-HPV types was observed in 50% HPV-16-positive women (with HPV-31, -45 and -56) and in both HPV-18-positive women (with HPV-52). None of the health-related risk factors studied were associated with any HR-HPV infection. More than half of women (68.7%) had never heard about HPV, but most women (91.3%) in our study were interested in HPV-vaccination.ConclusionHPV prevalence in Bahraini women was 9.8%. The most frequently observed HPV types were HR-HPV-52, -16, -31 and -51 and LR-HPV-6, -70 and -74. These are useful baseline data for health authorities to determine the potential impact of preventive measures including the use of prophylactic vaccines to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women in the Kingdom of Bahrain

et al. 2014

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“…1 The older a person, the level of immunity also began to decline. When immune levels start to decline then it is easy for the HPV virus to develop in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with the occurrence of precancerous cervical lesions at health centres of Karanganyar regency

Prajatmo

Widyawati

2016

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…As in a World Health Organization report, the detection of precancerous lesions using the VIA test resulted in 66%-96% sensitivity and 64%-98% specificity. The positive or negative predictive value of the test is between 10%-20% and 92%-97%, respectively (Abduljabbar et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of Visual Inspection in Women of Childbearing Age

Imelda

Tarigan

Eryunika³

2021

IJNS

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Cervical cancer is the most common disease affecting women around the world. Early detection of cervical cancer is needed by using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA). This method is relatively easy to do, and the examination costs are also quite affordable, making it more beneficial for women. This study was to determine the determinants of the VIA Test results. It is quantitative research with a descriptive approach presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. There are 100 samples of women of childbearing age acquired by purposive sampling at Patumbak District, Deli Serdang. From the samples, some respondents receive positive IVA test result as follows: 14% aged 36-35 years old, 14% Protestant, 19% married, 9% high school graduates, 10% housewife, 15% with minimum monthly income, 12% with 3-5 children, 17% has multigravida parity, 14% married at the age of 17-25 years old, 12% first-time mother at the age of 17-25 years old, and 14% with 5+ years using IUD contraception. The study was based on the negative VIA test result but with detected pre-cancerous lesions. Further research with different variables is necessary to acquire more information regarding cervicitis incidence causes, thus, reducing cervical cancer numbers.

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Types and Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

An epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women in the Kingdom of Bahrain

An epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Risk factors associated with the occurrence of precancerous cervical lesions at health centres of Karanganyar regency

The Determination of Visual Inspection in Women of Childbearing Age

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