Types of Cell Death from a Molecular Perspective

Abstract

The former conventional belief was that cell death resulted from either apoptosis or necrosis; however, in recent years, different pathways through which a cell can undergo cell death have been discovered. Various types of cell death are distinguished by specific morphological alterations in the cell’s structure, coupled with numerous biological activation processes. Various diseases, such as cancers, can occur due to the accumulation of damaged cells in the body caused by the dysregulation and failure of cell death. Thus, comprehending these cell death pathways is crucial for formulating effective therapeutic strategies. We focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature pertaining to various forms of cell death, encompassing apoptosis, anoikis, pyroptosis, NETosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, entosis, methuosis, paraptosis, mitoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and necrosis.

Research on lncRNA CTBP1-DT as a potential therapeutic target to regulate cell function in colorectal cancer

“…A recent study also suggested that lncRNA may serve as a drug target for the complementary treatment of colorectal cancer based on sparassis latifolia and exercise [ 23 ]. Additionally, understanding the death pathways of tumors at the cellular level can help develop promising therapeutic approaches [ 24 ]. Meanwhile, the application of nanomaterials to explore cancer therapeutic drugs has also been a research hotspot in recent years [ 25 – 27 ].…”

The roles and molecular mechanisms of non-coding RNA in cancer metabolic reprogramming

“…Ferroptosis, which develops from an increase in iron-dependent lipid peroxide, is regulated by a network of ncRNAs [ 130 , 131 ]. According to Luo et al, LINC01606 serves as the ceRNA of miR-423-5p to upregulate SCD1 and further stimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which prevents ferroptosis in CRC cells and preserves cell stemness [ 132 ].…”

“…Zhang et al reported that curcuminol can induce ferroptosis in lung cancer cells through lncRNA H19/miR-19b-3p/FTH1 axis [ 135 ]. Collectively, cell death plays a significant role in several biological processes and the targeting of cell death emerges as a prominent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a variety of diseases, especially cancers [ 131 ]. Ferroptosis, an emerging type of cell death, is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis in the conventional sense [ 131 ].…”

“…Collectively, cell death plays a significant role in several biological processes and the targeting of cell death emerges as a prominent therapeutic strategy for the treatment of a variety of diseases, especially cancers [ 131 ]. Ferroptosis, an emerging type of cell death, is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis in the conventional sense [ 131 ]. Thus, revealing the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs mediated-ferroptosis could provide new insights into the cell death processes and potential molecular components to develop promising strategies to prevent and stimulate cell death.…”

“…Another well-documented lncRNA DUXAP8 increases radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer cells by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [ 165 ]. Moreover, the expression of SNHG7 is demonstrated to be upregulated in TC tissues and correlated with [ 131 ]I resistance as the increased expression of SNHG7 promotes [ 131 ]I resistance in TC cells by sponging miR-9-5p and increasing DPP4 expression to activate PI3K/AKT [ 166 ]. Taken together, dysregulated expression of ncRNAs induces the development of radiation therapy resistance in cancer cells mainly by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.…”