“…Thus, the survey contained three parts: 1) general characteristics, in which SMEs answered questions about their firm size, R&D intensity, and business model; 2) the perceived importance of various collaboration modes and partners, which was measured using a 5-point Likert scale from 1 ("very low importance") to 5 ("very high importance"); and 3) experiences with collaboration projects. In addition, we referenced the work by Rosenfeld (1996), Xu et al, (2005), and Van de Vrande et al, (2009) to define the possible collaboration modes and the work by Lee et al (2010) and Cho et al (2015) to define the potential partners. As each work described diverse type of collaboration modes and partners, we can ask potential modes and partners for interfirm collaboration as many as possible.…”