Types of love as a function of satisfaction and age

Clemente, Miguel; Crego, Manuel Gandoy; Bugallo-Carrera, Cesar; Reig-Botella, Adela; Gómez-Cantorna, Cristina

doi:10.1002/pchj.338

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Sternberg’s ( 1988 , 2021 ) Triangular Theory of Love is currently one of the most prominent theories of love (Clemente et al, 2020 ). It contends that love consists of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Kowal,

Sorokowski,

Dinić

et al. 2023

Arch Sex Behav

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Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Kowal,

Sorokowski,

Dinić

et al. 2023

Arch Sex Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For a long time, research focused on the study of love during younger developmental stages, neglecting adult and older age groups. This perpetuated the myth that romantic love was only relevant for adolescents and young adults, diminishing its importance as individuals grew older (Clemente et al, 2020). However, love is a complex and multidimensional construct encompassing behaviors, feelings, and thoughts, resulting in an emotional experience that can vary based on social context and individual characteristics.…”

Section: Love Well-being and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship between Capacity to Love and Well-being: A Comparative Study of Emerging Adults and Middle-aged Adults

Fernandes,

Sousa,

Conde

et al. 2023

Sexuality & Culture

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Love is a complex construct of undeniable importance for human beings and an area of research that has progressed over the past decades. The capacity to love, specifically, refers to the capacity for involvement, investment, and maintenance of a committed romantic relationship, resulting from complex developmental processes that begin in childhood and continue to be shaped throughout development. Despite its relevance, there is still little evidence of its relationships with indicators of positive human functioning. This study examines the link between the capacity to love and emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Furthermore, it delves into potential differences in the capacity to love based on life cycle stages (emerging adulthood and midlife) and gender. The research involved 535 participants, with 282 (52.7%) falling under the emerging adulthood category (18–25 years) and 253 (47.3%) classified as middle-aged adults (45–65 years). Multivariate variance analyses indicate emerging adults demonstrate a greater capacity to love in all dimensions except acceptance of loss, grief, and jealousy. Concerning gender, there were no significant differences. Prediction models indicate that age and acceptance of loss and grief are significant and positive predictors of all types of well-being, and basic trust is a significant and positive predictor of emotional well-being. Overall, this research sheds light on the vital role the capacity to love plays in human well-being and emphasizes the need for interventions that focus on nurturing and developing this aspect of human relationships.

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“…In contrast, Bode and Kushnick (2021) aimed to inform various scientific fields (e.g., biological studies and humanities) and proposed a more holistic notion of romantic love, disentangling its functions, expressions, and origins. Sternberg's (1988Sternberg's ( , 2021 Triangular Theory of Love is currently one of the most prominent theories of love (Clemente et al, 2020). It contends that love consists of three components: Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment.…”

Section: Validation Of the Short Version (Tls-15) Of The Triangular L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Kowal¹,

Sorokowski²,

Dinić³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Love is a worldwide known phenomenon that affects many aspects of human life, including considering a romantic partner with whom to bond. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to test love levels is Sternberg's 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment. However, our literature review reveals that the majority of studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. To achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, here, we develop a short version of the scale–the TLS-15–which contains 15 items with a 5-point rather than 9-point response scale. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test-retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provided support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which could be used as a measure of love components–separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.

show abstract

Types of love as a function of satisfaction and age

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

Exploring the Relationship between Capacity to Love and Well-being: A Comparative Study of Emerging Adults and Middle-aged Adults

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages

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