Types of Oral Contraceptives, Depression, and Premenstrual Symptoms

Kutner, S. Jerome; Brown, Willard L.

doi:10.1097/00005053-197209000-00001

Cited by 86 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Grant & Pryse-Davies, 1968;Moos, 1968;Kutner & Brown, 1972). Grant & Pryse-Davies, 1968;Moos, 1968;Kutner & Brown, 1972).…”

Section: The Effects Of Oral Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The premenstrual syndrome – a reappraisal of the concept and the evidence

Bancroft¹

1993

Psychol. Med. Monogr. Suppl.

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Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/PMS, IP address: 216.165.126.139 on 12 Apr 2015 SYNOPSIS The Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) remains a controversial issue. As a clinical concept it is surrounded by confusion. Attempts to establish a consensus definition have resulted in the majority of women seeking help for such problems excluded from the diagnosis. Furthermore, there is no consensus about how such problems should be treated, with a variety of methods being advocated usually on very uncertain scientific grounds. The issue also has its political implications; there are those who see PMS as a way of reducing the status of women, by linking the normal ovarian cycle to a phenomenon which, on the face of it, impairs women's ability to cope. Yet there are a substantial number of women who experience significant negative changes which vary with the menstrual cycle, and produce long-term effects on their well being and family relationship which can be serious. There is also a real possibility that recurrent perimenstrual mood changes of this kind may increase the likelihood of chronic depressive illness in susceptible individuals. In most respects the features of depression which occurs perimenstrually are essentially similar to those of major depressive disorder, except for the short duration and recurrent pattern.PMS, therefore, remains an issue not only of clinical importance, but of considerable potential relevance to our understanding of major depressive disorder, which is substantially more common in women of reproductive age than in their male counterparts.In this review the concept of PMS, and some prominent operational definitions of it, are critically evaluated; it is now questionable whether the concept, as currently applied, still carries any heuristic or clinical value. Some current theoretical and aetiological issues are considered: e.g. the role of the corpus luteum, the effects of hormonal regimes which block ovulation, such as oral contraceptives, and the possibility that cyclical mood change represents an entrained rhythm in the brain.The conclusions reached at this stage in the review lead to a ' paradigm shift' with the proposal of a three-factor model to account for the complexities of menstrual cycle-related problems. These three factors are (a) the 'timing factor', imposed by the ovarian hormonal cycle, and possibly accounting for cyclical changes in CNS neurotransmitter activity; (b) a 'menstruation factor', including the processes involved in the build up as well as shedding of the endometrium and the ways in which these processes might adversely affect the women's well being both premenstrually as well as during menstruation; and (c) the 'vulnerability factor', covering a variety of characteristics, constitutional as well as situational, psychosocial as well as biological, which are not in themselves functions of the menstrual cycle but which serve to determine how vulnerable a woman will be to the first two factors.The relevant evidence in the litera...

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“…Grant & Pryse-Davies, 1968;Moos, 1968;Kutner & Brown, 1972). Grant & Pryse-Davies, 1968;Moos, 1968;Kutner & Brown, 1972).…”

Section: The Effects Of Oral Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The premenstrual syndrome – a reappraisal of the concept and the evidence

Bancroft¹

1993

Psychol. Med. Monogr. Suppl.

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“…Evidence from studies of early oral contraceptives implicated the progestagenic constituent as a cause of negative mental symptoms (Grant & Pryse-Davies, 1968) though other studies produced conflicting results (Kutner & Brown, 1972;Cullberg, 1972). Hammarback el al.…”

Section: Mood Changes Oestradiol and Progesteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Premenstrual Syndrome

Bancroft¹,

Bäckström²

1985

Clinical Endocrinology

100

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“…The migration of women between groups of never-users of OC, pastusers, and current users is also a complicating factor, particularly in cross-sectional studies. In their crosssectional study of 5 000 women, Kutner & Brown (9) found no difference between past-users and neverusers as regards the prevalence of premenstrual sadness but a slight difference with regard to premenstrual irritability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The composition of the different OC as well as the duration of exposure might also influence premenstrual symptoms (4,7,9). Details regarding type of OC were not included in the questionnaire in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Premenstrual Complaints: II. Influence of Oral Contraceptives

Andersch

Hahn

1981

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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The prevalence of individual premenstrual symptoms was studied in a randomly selected group of 217 women taking oral contraceptives (OC). The results were compared with corresponding data from 595 women not using the pill. the analyses included six different mental and somatic symptoms defined and graded in severity and related to age. It was found that OC had a beneficial effect on the premenstrual tension symptoms (PMT) in all age groups except in the youngest group (18 years), in which the tendency was rather the opposite. Within the total sample of women, users of OC were significantly less frequently absent from work. The present results are in agreement with those of most earlier studies, provided that age is taken into account.

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Types of Oral Contraceptives, Depression, and Premenstrual Symptoms

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

The premenstrual syndrome – a reappraisal of the concept and the evidence

The premenstrual syndrome – a reappraisal of the concept and the evidence

Premenstrual Syndrome

Premenstrual Complaints: II. Influence of Oral Contraceptives

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