Types of Parenting of Fathers during Early Childhood: A Q Methodological Approach

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine types of parenting among fathers. The characteristics of parenting each type in early childhood were identified by systematically analyzing and classifying father's perceptions of parenting using the Q-methodology, which places importance on the perspective of the performer. Methods: The Q-method, which is effective for measuring individual subjectivity was used. The subjects in this study were 50 fathers with young children (2~36 months). Results: Four parenting types were identified analyzing the subjective perceptions of fathers with young children about parenting. One type was centered on character development. Another was centered on social development. A third was centered on physical health and development. The fourth was centered on building values. Conclusion: Parenting education programs should be developed based on type-specific characteristics and further research should investigate the effects of father's parenting type.

Family Members' Knowledge and Attitude Toward Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions for Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

“…Attitude toward LST was measured using instruments developed by Park 20 and modified by Byun et al 21 Each item was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The score ranged from 0 to 60, with a higher total score indicating a positive attitude toward the decision to withhold or withdraw LST.…”