Typhoon damage on a shallow mesophotic reef in Okinawa, Japan

White, Kristine N.; Ohara, Taku; Fujii, Takuma; Kawamura, Iori; Mizuyama, Masaru; Montenegro, Javier; Shikiba, Haruka; Naruse, Tohru; McClelland, TY; Denis, Vianney; Reimer, James Davis

doi:10.7717/peerj.151

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Coral community dynamics in Okinawa were different from those in the other case studies, for here, coral cover catastrophically declined in 1998 (Loya et al 2001), and has subsequently been affected by strong typhoons almost every year (Goto et al 2011;White et al 2013). In Okinawa, the density of coral recruits was associated positively with coral cover 1 year before, the density of juvenile corals was associated positively with the density of coral recruits 1 year before, and the reefs were characterised by very low post-settlement success (J : R ,0.01).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Geographic variation in long-term trajectories of change in coral recruitment: a global-to-local perspective

Edmunds

Steneck

Albright

et al. 2015

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Compiled abundances of juvenile corals revealed no change over time in the Pacific, but a decline in the Caribbean. Using these analyses as a rationale, we explored recruitment and post-settlement success in determining coral cover using studies in the Caribbean (St John, Bonaire) and Pacific (Moorea, Okinawa). Juvenile corals, coral recruits, and coral cover have been censused in these locations for years, and the ratio of juvenile (J) to recruiting (R) corals was used to measure post-settlement success. In St John and Bonaire, coral cover was stable but different between studies, with the CSIRO PUBLISHING Marine and Freshwater Research, 2015, 66, 609-622 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF14139 Journal compilation Ó CSIRO 2015 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/mfrratio of the density of juveniles to density of recruits (J : R) ,0.10; in Moorea, declines in coral cover were followed by recovery that was related to the density of juvenile corals 3 years before, with J : R ,0.40; and in Okinawa, a decline in coral cover in 1998 was followed by a slow recovery with J/R ,0.01. Coral cover was associated positively with juvenile corals in St John, and in Okinawa, the density of juvenile corals was associated positively with recruits the year before. J : R varied among studies, and standardised densities of juvenile corals declined in the Caribbean, but increased in the Pacific. These results suggest that differences in the post-settlement success may drive variation in coral community structure.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Geographic variation in long-term trajectories of change in coral recruitment: a global-to-local perspective

Edmunds

Steneck

Albright

et al. 2015

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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“…Coral mortality, generation of rubble, loss of reef structure, erosion of shorelines, creation of new land, or coastal erosion (Maragos et al, 1973;Hagan et al, 2007;Kench et al, 2006;Kench, 2011b;Richmond et al, 2011), localized flooding and salination of crops and freshwater lens, terrestrial runoff, disruption of infrastructure (White et al, 2013).…”

Section: Identifying Hazards and Key Stresses On Coral Reef Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such instances, the time lag for recovery may be many decades and the resultant diversity and abundance of coral cover may shift to a new ecological state (White et al, 2013). In such instances, the time lag for recovery may be many decades and the resultant diversity and abundance of coral cover may shift to a new ecological state (White et al, 2013).…”

Section: Extreme Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral Reef Systems and the Complexity of Hazards

Kench

Owen

2015

Coastal and Marine Hazards, Risks, and Disasters

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“…Despite the high coral diversity found in the Ryukyu Archipelago and the large number of studies on Japanese shallow coral reefs, only a few MCEs have been reported in the upper part of the mesophotic range (between 30 and 55 m; Yamazato, 1972;Kimura et al, 2011;Sinniger et al, 2013;White et al, 2013). Located near relatively densely populated islands, Okinawan reefs are subject to heavy anthropogenic stresses, such as terrestrial runoffs (Hongo and Yamano, 2013) in addition to the strong tropical typhoons that frequently hit this region (Hongo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seriatopora Diversity Preserved in Upper Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems in Southern Japan

et al. 2017

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Coral reefs worldwide are facing increasing stress due to drastic changes in their environment. Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) have been considered as a potential refuge from several major stressors, such as warm-water bleaching events. However, their role as a subsequent source of larvae remains unclear for many species, particularly as genetic differentiation of corals over depth has frequently been observed. In 1998 and 2001, two severe bleaching events around Okinawa Island in Japan resulted in major changes to the shallow reefs, including the local "extinction" of species such as Seriatopora hystrix at Sesoko Island. However, recently this species was found to be present in abundance at mesophotic depths in the area, despite no clear signs of recovery being observed in the adjacent shallow waters. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity of Seriatopora from this deep population and provide a comparison with populations from shallow to mesophotic depths in other parts of the Ryukyu archipelago, to understand their depth specificity and their importance in genetic diversity conservation of affected shallow populations. High levels of genetic diversity were observed in both shallow and mesophotic Seriatopora populations for both the nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2) and the mitochondrial (hypervariable open reading frame, ORF) markers, with no clear partitioning of haplotypes over depth or across locations in the archipelago. Both ITS2 and ORF suggest the presence of potential cryptic species and the discrepancy between the markers could reflect hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting. Although associated endosymbionts (Symbiodinium spp.) all shared the same mitochondrial haplotype (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, COI), the nuclear ribosomal ITS2 revealed slight potential habitat partitioning between the genotypes, with a small decrease of C59 Symbiodinium types below 10 m depth and a mirrored increase in C1/C78a-related types. The relative absence of depth-specific host lineages and the substantial overlap between shallow and deep Symbiodinium types indicate that Okinawan MCEs may act as a refuge preserving genotypic diversity of bleaching-sensitive coral such as Seriatopora, and on the long-term may have the potential to contribute to shallow-water recolonization of this species.

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Typhoon damage on a shallow mesophotic reef in Okinawa, Japan

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Geographic variation in long-term trajectories of change in coral recruitment: a global-to-local perspective

Geographic variation in long-term trajectories of change in coral recruitment: a global-to-local perspective

Coral Reef Systems and the Complexity of Hazards

Seriatopora Diversity Preserved in Upper Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems in Southern Japan

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