Typhus Fever: Typhus Virus in Feces of Infected Fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) and Duration of Infectivity of Fleas

Ceder, E. T.; Dyer, R. E.; Rumreich, A.; Badger, L. F.

doi:10.2307/4580289

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The louse is in the biological sense so little adapted to R~katsia l~owazeki that it succumbs invariably to the infection within a relatively short time. In hot weather an infected louse survives but a few days, whereas the rat flea as shown by Dyer and his associates (19) and by Mooser and Castaneda (20) remains definitely infected without apparent harm. This we take as definite evidence that the human louse has appeared on the scene of typhus relatively late and that it has not yet had time to become a highly adapted biological vector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experiments on the Conversion of Typhus Strains

Mooser¹,

G²,

H³

1934

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Two types of strains of typhus virus are observed in Mexico: first the murine type which is obtained from wild rats in nature, from isolated endemic cases, and from cases during short epidemic outbreaks, and second, the epidemic type of strains which is obtained from long standing serious epidemics. Some of these epidemic strains correspond entirely to strains of historic Old World typhus. Other strains which in their experimental behavior are intermediate between these two types of strains were isolated from the same epidemic. A method is described by which these epidemic non-orchitic strains can be converted into murine strains regularly causing scrotal lesion in guinea pigs and a highly fatal disease in rats. The same results were obtained with an Old World strain of epidemic typhus. The method, which consists of daily blood injections into intraperitoneally inoculated rats, is based on the observation that Rickettsia prowazeki multiplies only within cells which come in constant or frequent contact with fresh blood. It is concluded from our experiments that there does not exist any real difference between the virus of historic Old World typhus and the murine New World typhus. Both are considered to be of murine origin. The murine strains represent the original form of the virus of typhus, whereas the epidemic strains are the result of a prolonged propagation in the cycle man-louse-man.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experiments on the Conversion of Typhus Strains

Mooser¹,

G²,

H³

1934

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…By the end of 1931, Ceder, Dyer, Rumreich, and Badger demonstrated that feces from infected fleas were capable of transmitting FBT through scratches on the skin of guinea pigs, indicating that a major route of transmission is through inoculation of infected feces into abraded skin or mucous membranes [50,119] (subsequently, it was shown that a flea bite may also transmit the infection [2,39]). In the following year, the same team discovered that the feces of X. cheopis become highly infectious six days after feeding on R. typhi-infected rats.…”

Section: The Epidemiology and Ecology Of Flea-borne Typhus Is Deducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums: The Ascendency of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1910–1944

Anstead

2020

TropicalMed

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Flea-borne typhus, due to Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, is an infection causing fever, headache, rash, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, and diverse organ manifestations. Although most cases are self-limited, 26%-28% have complications and up to one-third require intensive care. Flea-borne typhus was recognized as an illness similar to epidemic typhus, but having a milder course, in the Southeastern United States and TX from 1913 into the 1920s. Kenneth Maxcy of the US Public Health Service (USPHS) first described the illness in detail and proposed a rodent reservoir and an arthropod vector. Other investigators of the USPHS (

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Endemic Typhus Fever of the United States

Dyer¹

1932

JAMA

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Typhus Fever: Typhus Virus in Feces of Infected Fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) and Duration of Infectivity of Fleas

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Experiments on the Conversion of Typhus Strains

Experiments on the Conversion of Typhus Strains

History, Rats, Fleas, and Opossums: The Ascendency of Flea-Borne Typhus in the United States, 1910–1944

Endemic Typhus Fever of the United States

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