Typical and Atypical Development of Eye Movements

Klein, Christoph; Seernani, D.; Ioannou, Chara; Schulz-Zhecheva, Yoanna; Biscaldi, Monica; Kavšek, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20085-5_15

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Based on the above evidence, the present study aimed to examine (1) performance in visual search and (2) intra-subject variability, simultaneously in TD, ADHD, ASD− and ASD+ groups. To effectively analyse the process of carrying out a visual search task in the typical and clinical groups, oculomotor parameters will be analysed [ 32 ]. Potential underlying etiological overlaps between ADHD and ASD are expected to manifest as increased ISV and at par (or statistically not different from each other) performance on the visual search task in all three clinical groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?

Seernani

Damania

Ioannou

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Recent debates in the literature discuss commonalities between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at multiple levels of putative causal networks. This debate requires systematic comparisons between these disorders that have been studied in isolation in the past, employing potential markers of each disorder to be investigated in tandem. The present study, choose superior local processing, typical to ASD, and increased Intra-Subject Variability (ISV), typical to ADHD, for a head-to-head comparison of the two disorders, while also considering the comorbid cases. It directly examined groups of participants aged 10-13 years with ADHD, ASD with (ASD+) or without (ASD−) comorbid ADHD and a typically developing (TD) group (total N = 85). A visual search task consisting of an array of paired words was designed. The participants needed to find the specific pair of words, where the first word in the pair was the cue word. This visual search task was selected to compare these groups on overall search performance and trial-to-trial variability of search performance (i.e., ISV). Additionally, scanpath analysis was also carried out using Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) and the Multi-Match Model. Results show that only the ASD− group exhibited superior search performance; whereas, only the groups with ADHD symptoms showed increased ISV. These findings point towards a double dissociation between ASD and ADHD, and argue against an overlap between ASD and ADHD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?

Seernani

Damania

Ioannou

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

Self Cite

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“…The conversational videos we are exploiting have the virtue of displaying real people embedded in a dynamic situation while being relatively controlled stimuli (Foulsham et al, 2010 ). In clinical research gaze is central to the investigation of attention mechanisms in groups of patients with atypical development in the appraisal of social cues, e.g., social anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia (Klein et al, 2019 ). To such end, the analysis of social perception by employing contextually rich video stimuli poses little cognitive demands to the participants (Rubo and Gamer, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gazing at Social Interactions Between Foraging and Decision Theory

D’Amelio

Boccignone

2021

Front. Neurorobot.

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Finding the underlying principles of social attention in humans seems to be essential for the design of the interaction between natural and artificial agents. Here, we focus on the computational modeling of gaze dynamics as exhibited by humans when perceiving socially relevant multimodal information. The audio-visual landscape of social interactions is distilled into a number of multimodal patches that convey different social value, and we work under the general frame of foraging as a tradeoff between local patch exploitation and landscape exploration. We show that the spatio-temporal dynamics of gaze shifts can be parsimoniously described by Langevin-type stochastic differential equations triggering a decision equation over time. In particular, value-based patch choice and handling is reduced to a simple multi-alternative perceptual decision making that relies on a race-to-threshold between independent continuous-time perceptual evidence integrators, each integrator being associated with a patch.

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“…Concretely, as defined in a recent conceptual review, visual social attention composes together with social motivation and social behavior, the three core aspects of social attention (22) and can be examined with the eye tracking technique (23). Due to its non-invasiveness and suitability for testing young and/or intellectually impaired individuals, this technique has been applied in neurophysiologic and psychiatric research (24)(25)(26). The Free Viewing Task is one of the basic eyetracking paradigms in social cognition, where the participant is viewing social scenes without specific instructions while his/her gaze is recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity Matters: Social Visual Attention in a Comparative Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbidity

et al. 2020

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represent two common neurodevelopmental disorders with considerable co-occurrence. Their comorbidity (ASD + ADHD) has been included in the latest diagnostic guidelines (DSM-V, 2013). The present study focuses on social visual attention that i) is a main aspect of social attention reflecting social cognition and ii) its atypicalities have been suggested as a potential biomarker for ASD. Considering the possible shared background of both disorders and their comorbidity, it is important to compare such traits directly. Here, 73 children and adolescents paired for age and IQ diagnosed with ASD (N = 12), ADHD (N = 21), comorbid ASD + ADHD (N = 15), and "typically developing" (TD) controls (N = 25), were shown static real-life social scenes while their gaze movements were recorded with eye-tracking. Scenes with two levels of social complexity were presented: low complexity (one person depicted) and high (four interacting individuals). Gaze fixation variables were investigated. Fixation duration on faces was significantly reduced only in ASD + ADHD which also required longer time to fixate all faces at least once. Fixation duration on faces in ASD was reduced, compared to TD, only when looking at scenes with high versus low social complexity. ADHD individuals did not differ from TD. Concluding, the observed alterations of social visual attention support the existence of possible dysfunctional particularities differentiating ASD, ADHD, and ASD + ADHD, which can be revealed with the new method of eye-tracking technique. The objective gaze measurements provided contribute to the development of biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, amelioration of care and further interventions specified for each group.

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Typical and Atypical Development of Eye Movements

Cited by 5 publications

References 223 publications

Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?

Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?

Gazing at Social Interactions Between Foraging and Decision Theory

Comorbidity Matters: Social Visual Attention in a Comparative Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Comorbidity

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