Typicality effects in artificial categories: Is there a hemisphere difference?

Richards, Lorie; Chiarello, Christine

doi:10.1016/0093-934x(90)90006-3

Brain and Language

1990

DOI: 10.1016/0093-934x(90)90006-3

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Typicality effects in artificial categories: Is there a hemisphere difference?

Lorie Richards

Christine Chiarello

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Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This experiment is similar in design to experiments performed by Richards and Chiarello (1990). However, the study by Richards and Chiarello was conducted to address different questions than the ones posed in this article.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere.

Marsolek¹

1995

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

145

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Visual-form systems in the cerebral hemispheres were examined in 3 experiments. After learning new types of visual forms, participants rapidly classified previously unseen prototypes of the newly learned types more efficiently when the forms were presented directly to the left hemisphere (in the right visual field) than when the forms were presented directly to the right hemisphere (in the left visual field). Neither previously seen nor previously unseen distortions of the prototypes were classified more efficiently when presented directly to the left hemisphere than when presented directly to the right hemisphere. Results indicate that an abstract visual-form system operates effectively in the left hemisphere and stores information that remains relatively invariant across the specific instances of a type of form to distinguish different types. Furthermore, this system functions relatively independently of another system that operates effectively in the right hemisphere and that stores details to distinguish specific instances of a type of form.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere.

Marsolek¹

1995

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

145

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“…The perceptual categorization paradigm is particularly suited to setting up this kind of feature sharing in very controlled ways and has widely demonstrated typicality effects (Bourne, 1982;Johansen, Fouquet, Savage, & Shanks, 2013;Medin & Schaffer, 1978;Posner & Keele, 1968;Rosch et al, 1976;Rothbart & Lewis, 1988), perhaps most notably in support for prototype models of category representation. While exemplar representation-categorization based on similarity to known category instances-has been successful in accounting for typicality effects (Kruschke, 1992;Medin & Schaffer, 1978;Nosofsky, 1988Nosofsky, , 1991, prototype representation is a more direct embodiment of typicality in terms of classification based on similarity to an abstracted best, average instance of the category, the prototype (Bourne, 1982;Homa et al, 1981;Richards & Chiarello, 1990;Rosch & Mervis, 1975;J. D. Smith, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Premise typicality as feature inference decision-making in perceptual categories

Morgan

Johansen

2021

Mem Cogn

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Making property inferences for category instances is important and has been studied in two largely separate areas—categorical induction and perceptual categorization. Categorical induction has a corpus of well-established effects using complex, real-world categories; however, the representational basis of these effects is unclear. In contrast, the perceptual categorization paradigm has fostered the assessment of well-specified representation models due to its controlled stimuli and categories. In categorical induction, evaluations of premise typicality effects, stronger attribute generalization from typical category instances than from atypical, have tried to control the similarity between instances to be distinct from premise–conclusion similarity effects, stronger generalization from greater similarity. However, the extent to which similarity has been controlled is unclear for these complex stimuli. Our research embedded analogues of categorical induction effects in perceptual categories, notably premise typicality and premise conclusion similarity, in an attempt to clarify the category representation underlying feature inference. These experiments controlled similarity between instances using overlap of a small number of constrained features. Participants made inferences for test cases using displayed sets of category instances. The results showed typicality effects, premise–conclusion similarity effects, but no evidence of premise typicality effects (i.e., no preference for generalizing features from typical over atypical category instances when similarity was controlled for), with significant Bayesian support for the null. As typicality effects occurred and occur widely in the perceptual categorization paradigm, why was premise typicality absent? We discuss possible reasons. For attribute inference, is premise typicality distinct from instance similarity? These initial results suggest not.

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Strategies of Semantic Categorization in the Cerebral Hemispheres

Koivisto

Laine

1999

Brain and Language

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Typicality effects in artificial categories: Is there a hemisphere difference?

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere.

Abstract visual-form representations in the left cerebral hemisphere.

Premise typicality as feature inference decision-making in perceptual categories

Strategies of Semantic Categorization in the Cerebral Hemispheres

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