Typological analysis of public-private partnerships in the veterinary domain

Galiere, Margot; Peyre, Marisa; Muñoz, Facundo; Poupaud, Mariline; Dehove, A.; Roger, François; Dieuzy-Labaye, Isabelle

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224079

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As mentioned before, three main clusters of PPP (transactional, collaborative and transformative) have been identified in the veterinary domain, depending on the type of private partner involved and the governance process [ 5 ]. However some PPPs are at the crossroad between clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though previous work has highlighted differences in obstacles depending on the PPP clusters, e.g.—the type of governance can represent an obstacle for collaborative and transformative PPPs, while the transactional PPP obstacles are mainly linked to lack of funding and human resources. Key success factors were not associated with any particular PPP type in the veterinary domain [ 5 ]. This indicates that the critical elements of the PPP process captured in this tool are similar across the clusters, which implies that PPP process evaluation could be generic across the different PPP types [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation tool to strengthen the collaborative process of the public-private partnership in the veterinary domain

et al. 2021

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Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the veterinary domain are widely implemented worldwide and can help to strengthen the capacities of Veterinary Services. Few analyses have been made of these initiatives. This study is aimed at developing an evaluation tool based on participatory approaches and focusing on the quality of PPP processes in the veterinary domain. The tool was divided into ten sections relevant to PPP process organisation and activities. The 44 evaluation criteria and six quality attributes (operationality, relevance, acceptability, inclusiveness, adaptability, and stability) were identified based on literature review and case-study application. The tool was adjusted during four regional PPP training workshops bringing together stakeholders from both public and private sectors. Finally, the tool was validated through an experts’ elicitation process and applied in the field in Paraguay. The tool was developed in a non-normative perspective to help the partners adapt the PPP to their specific context, to maximize the opportunities and minimize the risks of such collaborations, and to formulate adapted recommendations to strengthen and improve the PPP collaborative process and thus the outcomes. In an ex-ante perspective, this tool would also help public and private actors to engage and develop a PPP process following the best possible practices. The aim of this tool is to help decision making in terms of PPP development and implementation in the veterinary domain to ensure the added value and relevance of such a collaborative approach in different countries worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation tool to strengthen the collaborative process of the public-private partnership in the veterinary domain

et al. 2021

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“…According to this manual, PPPs enable the development of animal health services, policies and trade to a scale, quality or degree of geographic penetration that would be unattainable for the public sector alone. They also aim to contribute to improving access to drugs, reinforcing veterinary services, inciting technology transfer agreements, and increasing R&D activities on new drugs (Buse and Walt 2000, Guilbaud 2015a, Galière et al 2019, OIE 2019. At the same time, they have to abide by the ethical principles set out by the WHO: benefactor intention (guarantee public health), non-malevolence (the implementation of the PPP should not create new public health problems), autonomy of all partners, and equity (the main benefits of the PPP should go to those most in need).…”

Section: Public-private Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, private actors can take part in the production of non-binding norms, which have some degree of influence on traditional international law. In the veterinary field, their importance has been further emphasized in the OIE Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) pathway diagram (Galière et al 2019), but a limited number of examples of PPPs are available.…”

Section: Public-private Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Veterinary Medicines in sub-Saharan Africa

Jaime¹,

Hobeika²,

Figuié³

2020

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The significant increase in antibiotics resistance (AMR) has become a major issue over the last decade. Current international focus falls largely on reducing the excessive use and misuse of antibiotics in animal farming. The drivers of this consumption are generally studied through farmers' behavior and veterinary-farmers interactions. However, drug use also results from structural factors that determine the functioning of the drugs market chain and farmers' access to drugs. This article presents an overview of the limits to access to veterinary drugs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as well as the international policy tools and setups that claim to improve it. We analyze the scientific and grey literature, the publicly available data of the veterinary pharmaceutical industry and international organizations in order to gather information on the veterinary drugs markets in SSA, and on the norms, recommendations, guidelines and initiatives at international level that impact the functioning of the markets chains in SSA. We highlight numerous roadblocks to access to veterinary medicines in SSA. The African market is highly dependent on imports. It suffers from a high level of fragmentation, weak distribution infrastructures and services and is driven by the multiplication of private non- professional actors playing a growing role in the veterinary drug chains. The distribution system is increasingly dualized, with on the one hand the public sector (supported by development organizations) supplying small scale farmers in rural areas, but with limited and irregular means; and on the other side a private sector largely unregulated which supplies commercial and industrial farming systems. Different innovations have been developed at the international level to lower these barriers, such as homogenization of national legislations, donations and vaccine banks. Along decades-old inter-state cooperation, many new forms of Public-Private partnerships and hybrid forums are emerging, signaling a growing power of the private sector in the global governance. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), access to veterinary drugs is far from a given and remains an issue for many farmers. Drugs access is highly heterogeneous, little regulated and the market chains are increasingly segmented. The duality of the structure of the market chains has significant implications for the strategies aiming at controlling AMR at global level. Many of them emphasize the need to reduce the use of antibiotics at farm levels, without embracing this duality within countries. These strategies need to take to take into account the diversity of the conditions of access and use of drugs. Policies aimed at regulating the risks associated with the use of some drugs, especially antimicrobials, should not only focus on end users, farmers and veterinarians, but also encompass the actors that influence the flow of these compounds.

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“…The achievement of this international programme also requires economic perspectives ( 10 ). In this context, public-private partnerships need to be encouraged ( 11 ).…”

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confidence: 99%