“…Existing works mainly focus on word/phrase-level (simplification of difficult words and constructions) [38,4,32,15,29,26] or sentence-level simplifications [40,35,7,41,5,33]. Koptient and Grabar analyzed the text transformation topology during simplification [21]. Among the most frequent transformations, they found synonymy, specification (insertion of information), generalization (deletion of information), pronominalization, substitution of adjectives by their corresponding nouns, and substitutions between singular and plural.…”