Tyre contact length on dry and wet road surfaces measured by three-axial accelerometer

Matilainen, Mika; Tuononen, Ari J.

doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.08.002

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tire-road contact length measurements were performed in the previous research to determine the aquaplaning progress in the contact area [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The same concept was applied in this research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is already mandatory in new vehicles, tire sensors are no longer only research and development tools. Acceleration signals have been used previously to examine the forces [ 9 ] and the progress of aquaplaning in the contact patch [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and to determine the road surface conditions [ 8 , 13 , 14 ]. An accelerometer has also been used to study the energy-harvesting needs for an intelligent tire [ 15 ], which is one of the issues to be solved when considering tire sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Niskanen

Tuononen

2015

Sensors

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Direct tire-road contact friction estimation is essential for future autonomous cars and active safety systems. Friction estimation methods have been proposed earlier for driving conditions in the presence of a slip angle or slip ratio. However, the estimation of the friction from a freely-rolling tire is still an unsolved topic. Knowing the existing friction potential would be beneficial since vehicle control systems could be adjusted before any remarkable tire force has been produced. Since accelerometers are well-known and robust, and thus a promising sensor type for intelligent tires, this study uses three three-axis IEPE accelerometers on the inner liner of a tire to detect friction potential indicators on two equally smooth surfaces with different friction levels. The equal roughness was chosen for both surfaces in order to study the friction phenomena by neglecting the effect of surface texture on vibrations. The acceleration data before the contact is used to differentiate the two friction levels between the tire and the road. In addition, the contact lengths from the three accelerometers are used to validate the acceleration data. A method to differentiate the friction levels on the basis of the acceleration signal is also introduced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Niskanen

Tuononen

2015

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…Regarding proprioception, Niskanen and Tuononen [49] used a threshold approach to measure tire contact length, water contact and identify full aquaplaning. Matilainen and Tuononen [45] identified contact length of the rotation tire on dry and wet roads, useful information for aquaplaning recognition. Hou et al [28] detected skidding.…”

Section: Threshold-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Euler angles Linear interpolation [40] Standard deviation Android library N/A [41] N/A N/A N/A [45] Low-pass zero-phase N/A N/A [48] N/A Rotation matrix N/A [49] Band-pass third-order Butterworth zero-phase N/A N/A [50] N/A Euler angles N/A [52] High-pass 3rd order Butterworth N/A N/A [53] Gaussian low pass N/A N/A [54] Standard deviation N/A N/A [55] N/A N/A N/A [59] Moving average N/A N/A [60] N/A N/A N/A [62] Low pass High pass Simple moving average (SMA) Lifting wavelet transform (LWT)…”

Section: Appendix 1: Summary Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicular Perception Based on Inertial Sensing: A Structured Mapping of Approaches and Methods

Menegazzo

Wangenheim

2020

SN COMPUT. SCI.

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In this paper, we present a structured literature mapping of the state-of-the-art of vehicular perception methods and approaches using inertial sensors. An in-depth investigation and classification were performed employing the results of a systematic literature review. The analysis focused on identifying methods that capture signals provided by inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes to recognize transient or persistent events associated with the vehicle's movement. We classified these events into vehicular exteroception, associated with potholes, cracks, speed bumps, pavement type, conservation state; and vehicular proprioception, associated with lane change, braking, skidding, aquaplaning, turning right or left. Through the comprehensive study of publications in a 7-year time window, in addition to the methods, we have also identified their dependency factors, hardware platforms and applications.

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“…While most of the studies in this field aim to examine contact phenomena, such as friction estimation, hydroplaning or determining contact forces for use in vehicle control systems, none of these studies has in particular focused on identifiable tire characteristics and compared different tires and their properties with each other. 5–14 Therefore, the goal of this paper is to show how tire sensors could be applied for identification of longitudinal tire characteristics and how identifiable characteristic values link to the steady-state tire behavior, which can be determined by skid trailer tests. For this purpose, three 3-axis accelerometers were installed on the inner liner of different summer tires with varying dimensions; brake tests were performed, measurement data analyzed and compared for all tires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of tire sensors for an integrated approach to evaluate longitudinal tire characteristics for braking performance

Degenhart¹,

Edelmann

Plöchl

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Braking performance is a key requirement for tires, significantly affecting the braking distance of vehicles. Considering longitudinal tire dynamics, tire characteristics and parameters, as well as influences from vehicle and ambient conditions have to be identified for an integrated evaluation of tire performance. Various testing methods for identification of tire characteristics are available, yet most of them lack the ability to measure directly at the tire/road contact. Tire sensors have been a popular research topic, which may allow for identification of tire properties during test maneuvers in the contact region. This article features the analysis of longitudinal tire dynamics at full (ABS) braking by means of three 3-axis accelerometers fixed to the inner liner of four different sets of front and rear summer tires. Considering both steady-state and dynamic tire braking properties, skid trailer measurements of force–slip characteristics as well as brake tests with the tire accelerometers are presented for the different tires and compared with each other. Characteristics, affecting the overall braking performance, measured by the tire accelerometers at the contact patch indicate a meaningful correlation to the measured steady-state force–slip characteristics. A basic model-based analysis, utilizing the tire brush model, completes the evaluation of longitudinal tire characteristics with respect to braking performance.

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Tyre contact length on dry and wet road surfaces measured by three-axial accelerometer

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Vehicular Perception Based on Inertial Sensing: A Structured Mapping of Approaches and Methods

Application of tire sensors for an integrated approach to evaluate longitudinal tire characteristics for braking performance

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