Tyre Development from an Aerodynamic Perspective

Wittmeier, Felix; Widdecke, Nils; Wiedemann, Jochen; Lindener, Norbert; Armbruster, Rene

doi:10.1007/s38311-013-0022-x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the 17, 18 and 19" tires with their common dimension of 225/** R** (* = placeholder) the main difference is in the trend for higher resistance due to the increased rim diameter and more open rim design. That this cannot be generalized is shown by the 20" wheel with its wider 245/45 R20 tire which normally increases the aero dynamic drag [3]. The 20" wheel is however only 0.7 % worse than the reference wheel.…”

Section: Variant Management and Homologationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Development of the Ford Kuga

Eberz

Newnham

2020

ATZ Worldw

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of vehicle aerodynamics is ever increasing due to its positive contribution to fleet fuel economy and high range in electric driving mode. The aerodynamic development of the Ford Kuga is a good example of how modern processes and technologies can deliver on high expectations. The c D values of the entire product palette were significantly reduced compared to its predecessor. TARGET SETTING FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTIt was clear from the early stages of the project that optimized aerodynamics would play an important role in delivering the desired product qualities. Good c D values should not be reserved only for a special version, the so-called Aero Leader, but be achieved by all variants. FIGURE 1 shows the principle used to set targets during the early phases of the project. The data show the progressive development with time of the c D values of SUVs and off-road vehicles from global manu-facturers. The diagram also shows a trend line for vehicles with Kuga-like silhouettes and similar aerodynamically relevant content. The values for the predecessors and most important competitors are marked out. In general, both the trend and the variance are reducing as time goes on. Good aerodynamics has also become highly valued due to the strong increase in oil prices starting in 2000 as well as globally tougher emissions standards from about 2010. To arrive at a c D target, the intended fuel economy and performance, the requirements of the package team as regards for example interior measure-

show abstract

Section: Variant Management and Homologationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Development of the Ford Kuga

Eberz

Newnham

2020

ATZ Worldw

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tire is the component that direct contact with the airflow, and the contour shape has an immediate impact on airflow movement, thus leads to different aerodynamic drag for the different tire contour. Wittmeier et al 15 pointed out that the shape of sidewall and shoulder strongly influence tire aerodynamic characteristics, and this influence is largely independent of the vehicle type. To explore the influence of different contour regions on the aerodynamic drag, the tire contour is divided into the three regions of the tread, shoulder, and sidewall, as shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Effects Of Tire Contour On Aerodynamic Dragmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to tire structure design theory, 27 the upper and lower limits of the contour design parameters are determined as follows: H 2 [55. 4, 76.5] [15,45] mm. According to the optimal Latin hypercube experimental design, 28 groups of sample points are established.…”

Section: Optimization Design For Tire Contourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 For example, a measured dimensions of 205/55R16 tire were reported to differ from 10 mm, resulting in about 2% higher aerodynamic drag with the wider tire. 15 Landstro¨m et al 16 used the wind tunnel test to compare the aerodynamic effects of the same car mounted the different types of tires, and pointed out that the tire type has a obvious significant effect on the drag in that it can change the overall drag of the vehicle about 5%-10%. Wittmeier studied the effect of the tire shoulder area on the vehicle drag and proposed that different tire shoulder curvatures will lead to significant changes in the aerodynamic drag coefficient, and the presence of tire label on the sidewall can exacerbate airflow separation and affect the vortex structure, resulting in 1%-2% change of tire drag coefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of effects of tire contour on aerodynamic characteristics and its optimization

Zhang

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing the aerodynamic drag is one of the most important approaches for the development of energy-saving and environment-friendly automobiles. The tire contour has a great influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of automobiles. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the tire contour design parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics around a closed wheel, and obtain the optimized tire contour to reduce the automobile aerodynamic drag. A passenger car tire 185/65R14 was selected to conduct the wind tunnel test, and the surface pressure coefficients were used to validate the simulation model established using the detached eddy simulation (DES) model. To decrease tire drag, and taking the upper sidewall height, the tread radii, the tread width, and the transition arc radius of the shoulder as four design variables of contour, a combination of the Latin hypercube experimental design, the Kriging surrogate model, and the adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithm were used to optimize the tire contour design parameters. The changes of flow field around the tire, including the velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and pressure field were compared and analyzed for further understanding of the drag reduction mechanism. It is found that the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the optimized tire is reduced by 14.5%, and the aerodynamic coefficient drag of the car using the optimized tire is reduced by 7%. The present results are expected to provide useful information for designing new tire structures and improving the aerodynamic performance of the automobile.

show abstract

“…An unsteady RANS (URANS) simulation was conducted by McManus and Zhang [23], and they obtained a high surface pressure, lift force, and drag force, which were in agreement with those of Fackerell. Wittmeier et al [24] used CFD to analyze the flow fields around tire with different shoulder geometries. The results showed that the aerodynamic performance of a tire can be improved by smoothing the outward shoulder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns: Experiment and Simulation

Zhou

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2021

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current research of tire aerodynamics mainly focus on the isolated and simplified tread tire. Compared with the real complex pattern tire, the tread pattern structure and deformed profile of a loaded tire has a greatly influence on tire aerodynamic drag. However, the mechanisms of the isolated loaded tires with different tread patterns effects on the aerodynamic drag are subjects worthy of discussion. The purpose of this study is to experimentally and computationally investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of three tires 185/65 R14 with different patterns under loaded. A wind tunnel test model was first established using three-dimensional (3D) printing with a ratio of 1:1, and the pressure coefficients Cp of the three tires with different patterns are measured. The paper then conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analyzing the pressure and flow characteristics. The accuracy of CFD simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with the test results of pressure coefficients Cp, and they are of good consistency. While, the general analysis of pressure coefficients Cp results of the three tires indicates high-pressure area on the windward surface, and occurrence of low-pressure area on the leeward surface, the pressure coefficients Cp of all three tires decreased firstly and then increased along in the air flow direction. The authors finally analyzed the effect of tread patterns on the flow field around the tire and revealed the differences between flow characteristics and aerodynamic drag. The results show that, angle of tire lateral groove has great effect on the flow field characteristics such that; the more the angle of lateral groove agrees with the air flow direction, the less the flow separation and flow vortices, and a minimum observable aerodynamic drag. The research provides a guidance for the design of low aerodynamic drag tires, and helps to illustrate the impact of tire aerodynamics on the car body in the future.

show abstract

Tyre Development from an Aerodynamic Perspective

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Aerodynamic Development of the Ford Kuga

Aerodynamic Development of the Ford Kuga

Investigation of effects of tire contour on aerodynamic characteristics and its optimization

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns: Experiment and Simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About