Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus is reduced in depressed non-suicidal patients but normal in depressed suicide patients

Baumann, B.; Dános, P.; Diekmann, Susanne; Krell, Dieter; Bielau, Hendrik; Geretsegger, Christian; Wurthmann, C.; Bernstein, Hans‐Gert; Bogerts, Bernhard

doi:10.1007/s004060050089

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The mRNA TH levels in the LC refl ect previous results showing no differences in TH immunoreactivity between depressed suicide victims and normal subjects (Baumann et al 1999). However, these results seem to confl ict with previous studies reporting increased TH activity in the LC of suicide victims (Ordway et al 1994;Ordway 1997), although in the latter paper only two suicide victims with a premorbid diagnosis of depression were included, while the diagnosis Increased mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase in DRN of the other seven suicides in the study group was uncertain.…”

Section: O R I G I N a L R E S Esupporting

confidence: 71%

“…However, these results seem to confl ict with previous studies reporting increased TH activity in the LC of suicide victims (Ordway et al 1994;Ordway 1997), although in the latter paper only two suicide victims with a premorbid diagnosis of depression were included, while the diagnosis Increased mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase in DRN of the other seven suicides in the study group was uncertain. Taken together, these results suggest that there might be a dissociation between depression per se, which may be associated with reduced noradrenergic activity (Baumann et al 1999), and suicidal symptoms, which may be associated with increased activity (Ordway et al 1994), thus masking the effects on the post depression suicide victims.…”

Section: O R I G I N a L R E S Ementioning

confidence: 89%

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Increased mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase in dorsal raphe nucleus of depressive suicide victims

Sánchez-Bahillo

Bautista-Hernández²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2008

NDT

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Suicidal behavior is a problem with important social repercussions. Some groups of the population show a higher risk of suicide; for example, depression, alcoholism, psychosis or drug abuse frequently precedes suicidal behavior. However, the relationship between metabolic alterations in the brain and premorbid clinical symptoms of suicide remains uncertain. The serotonergic and noradrenergic systems have frequently been, implicated in suicidal behavior and the amount of serotonin in the brain and CSF of suicide victims has been found to be low compared with normal subjects. However, there are contradictory results regarding the role of noradrenergic neurons in the mediation of suicide attempts, possibly refl ecting the heterogeneity of conditions that lead to a common outcome. In the present work we focus on the subgroup of suicide victims that share a common diagnosis of major depression. Based on post-mortem studies analyzing mRNA expression by in situ hybridization, serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) from depressive suicide victims are seen to over-express cytochrome oxidase mRNA. However, no corresponding changes were found in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in the noradrenergic neurons of the Locus Coeruleus (LC). These results suggest that, despite of the low levels of serotonin described in suicide victims, the activity of DRN neurons could increase in the suicidally depressed, probably due to the over activation of serotonin re-uptake. No alteration was found in noradrenergic neurons, suggesting that they play no crucial role in the suicidal behavior of depressive patients.

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Section: O R I G I N a L R E S Esupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: O R I G I N a L R E S Ementioning

confidence: 89%

Increased mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase in dorsal raphe nucleus of depressive suicide victims

Sánchez-Bahillo

Bautista-Hernández²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2008

NDT

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“…Altamura et al (2010), Baumann et al (1999), Bellivier et al (2000), Benedetti et al (2011), Berrettini et al (1986), Campos et al (2010), D’Ambrosio et al (2012), De Luca et al (2005a, 2005b, 2006, 2009), Dowlatshahi et al (1999), Dracheva et al (2008), Evans et al (2012), Feldcamp et al (2008), Finseth et al (2014), Jimenez et al (2013), Kamali et al (2012), Kim et al (2002, 2007, 2008), Le-Niculescu et al (2013), Leszczynska-Rodziewicz et al (2014), Lopez et al (2007), Mahon et al (2012), Malloy-Diniz et al (2011), Matsuo et al (2010), Monfrim et al (2014), Nery et al (2014), Nery-Fernandes et al (2012), Neves et al (2008, 2010), Park et al (2013), Perlis et al (2012), Pinto et al (2011), Pompili et al (2008), Shabani et al (2013), Sher et al (2006, 2012), Singhal et al (2014), Souery et al (2001), Stange et al (2014), Suttajit et al (2013), Thibodeau et al (2013), Tidemalm et al (2014), Tochigi et al (2008), Tsai et al (1999a), Vuksan-Cusa et al (2009) and Willour et al (2012).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: Part I of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder

Schaffer

Isometsä

Tondo

et al. 2015

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

140

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Objectives Bipolar disorder is associated with elevated risk of suicide attempts and deaths. Key aims of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide included examining the extant literature on epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacotherapy related to suicide attempts and deaths in bipolar disorder. Methods Systematic review of studies from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2014 examining suicide attempts or deaths in bipolar disorder, with a specific focus on the incidence and characterization of suicide attempts and deaths, genetic and non-genetic biological studies and pharmacotherapy studies specific to bipolar disorder. We conducted pooled, weighted analyses of suicide rates. Results The pooled suicide rate in bipolar disorder is 164 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval = [5, 324]). Sex-specific data on suicide rates identified a 1.7:1 ratio in men compared to women. People with bipolar disorder account for 3.4–14% of all suicide deaths, with self-poisoning and hanging being the most common methods. Epidemiological studies report that 23–26% of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide, with higher rates in clinical samples. There are numerous genetic associations with suicide attempts and deaths in bipolar disorder, but few replication studies. Data on treatment with lithium or anticonvulsants are strongly suggestive for prevention of suicide attempts and deaths, but additional data are required before relative anti-suicide effects can be confirmed. There were limited data on potential anti-suicide effects of treatment with antipsychotics or antidepressants. Conclusion This analysis identified a lower estimated suicide rate in bipolar disorder than what was previously published. Understanding the overall risk of suicide deaths and attempts, and the most common methods, are important building blocks to greater awareness and improved interventions for suicide prevention in bipolar disorder. Replication of genetic findings and stronger prospective data on treatment options are required before more decisive conclusions can be made regarding the neurobiology and specific treatment of suicide risk in bipolar disorder.

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“…Recent neurobiological studies of the human brain have demonstrated that depression and suicide are, despite some shared features, two distinct phenomena. However, no unequivocal diagnostic criteria enabling their differentiation have been developed so far (Baumann et al 1999;Mann et al 2000;Arango et al 2002;Stockmeier 2003;Bielau et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changes of AgNOR parameters of anterior cingulate pyramidal neurons are region-specific in suicidal and non-suicidal depressive patients

Gos

Krell

Brisch

et al. 2007

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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The anterior cingulate cortex (AC) is consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. While suicide has been shown in previous reports to be closely related to depression, it is still a distinct phenomenon. The aim to differentiate between depression and suicide was approached by the karyometric analysis of AC pyramidal neurons. The study was performed on paraffin-embedded brains from 20 depressive patients (10 of whom had committed suicide) and 24 matched controls. The karyometric parameters of the layer III and V pyramidal neurons of the dorsal and ventral AC were evaluated bilaterally by Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser (AgNOR) silver staining method. Control-specific was the increased nuclear area in ontogenetically younger pyramidal neurons layer III in the left dorsal compared with ventral AC (Wilcoxon test, P<0.01). The decreased AgNOR number per nucleus in these cells in the right ventral AC was depression-specific compared with controls (t-test, P=0.047). On the other hand, the diffuse decrease in AgNOR ratio throughout pyramidal neurons on the left side was specific for suicidal depressive patients compared with non-suicidal patients and controls (ANOVA, P=0.028). The results suggest that regionally differentiated depression- and suicide-specific disturbed function of the most important AC output cells exists in depressive patients.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus is reduced in depressed non-suicidal patients but normal in depressed suicide patients

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Increased mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase in dorsal raphe nucleus of depressive suicide victims

Increased mRNA expression of cytochrome oxidase in dorsal raphe nucleus of depressive suicide victims

Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: Part I of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder

The changes of AgNOR parameters of anterior cingulate pyramidal neurons are region-specific in suicidal and non-suicidal depressive patients

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