Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the central nervous system

Masserano, Joseph M.; Weiner, Norman

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3879-6_8

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The prolactin release is controlled by dopaminergic fibers, arising from the THpositive ARC neurons, which showed also an ICER-ir. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that ICER may inflict on the prolactin release from the pituitary (see below), by transcriptionally controlling the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis (Masserano and Weiner, 1983). However, as also TH-negative neurons are ICERpositive, a more general function for this TF in modulating releasing or release-inhibiting hormones is likely.…”

Section: Diencephalonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distribution of transcription factor inducible cyclicAMP early repressor (ICER) in rodent brain and pituitary

Kell

Dehghani

Wicht

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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In morphogenetic dynamics of neurons, and in adaptive physiology of brain function, transcription factors of the cyclicAMP signaling pathway, such as activator cyclicAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and inhibitor inducible cyclicAMP early repressor (ICER), play an important role. In particular, the presence of the transcription factor ICER in neurons or neuroendocrine cells suggests the need for the gating of an up-regulated gene expression. Little is known, however, about the natural distribution of the inhibitory transcription factor ICER. We, therefore, mapped the rodent brain and pituitary for an ICER immunoreaction and found a nuclear staining for this transcription factor. ICER-positive glial cells were found throughout the brain. ICER-positive neurons were found in sensory input centers, like the olfactory bulb, or sensory brain stem nuclei, and in hypothalamic nuclei involved in central neuroendocrine control. In addition, neuroendocrine/endocrine transducers, like the pituitary and the pineal gland showed a high basal presence of ICER. Our data show that a basic ICER level is required by many cell systems and can be seen as an anticipatory and/or a protective measure in systems with superior reactive dynamics.

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Section: Diencephalonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Distribution of transcription factor inducible cyclicAMP early repressor (ICER) in rodent brain and pituitary

Kell

Dehghani

Wicht

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Soon after eticlopride was developed, Magnusson et al [83] compared sulpiride, raclopride, and eticlopride to haloperidol and chlorpromazine to examine the relationship between the behavioral and the neurochemical effects of D2-like receptor antagonism with regard to potential antipsychotic efficacy and mesolimbic versus nigrostriatal activity. Before this study, it had been demonstrated that DA receptor antagonists increased DA turnover [84] through activation of tyrosine hydroxylase, resulting in an increase in the concentration of DA metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) but not DA itself (for reviews, see Refs [85,86]). However, the antagonists previously evaluated did not exhibit the separation between potencies for inhibiting H AI versus S AI that is characteristic of the substituted benzamides.…”

Section: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Antagonism-cellular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Discovery, Pharmacological Characterization, and Behavioral Effects of the Dopamine D2‐Like Receptor Antagonist Eticlopride

Martelle

Nader

2008

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

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Eticlopride is a substituted benzamide analog with high affinity and selectivity for dopamine (DA) D2-like receptors that was initially developed as a potential antipsychotic agent. A great deal of research has utilized this drug to better understand central DA receptor function, the role of D2-like receptors in behavior, and the influence of blockade of these receptors on several preclinical animal models. This review highlights research utilizing this drug and compares it to typical and atypical antipsychotics used clinically. First, we describe structure-activity relationships as it relates to binding at DA receptors and the consequences on behavior. This is followed by a discussion of several imaging strategies including the use of eticlopride for in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo examination of DA D2-like receptor densities and function. Finally, we discuss the use of eticlopride in several behavioral models predictive of antipsychotic activity, extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), and learning and memory. While eticlopride is not used clinically, it remains a viable research tool for understanding DA receptor function and behavior.

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“…Various modulators of TH have been proposed in the literature. These potential modulators which activate TH when added to the enzyme in vitro include a cyclic AMPdependent protein-phosphorylating system, a cyclic AMP-independent protein-phosphorylating system, sulfate ions, heparin, phosphatidyl-L-serine, lysolecithin, polyglutamic acid, melanin, a protein kinase C phosphorylating system, and calcium (see references in Masserano and Weiner, 1983). It is a stimulating thought that all the proposed modulators of TH, most of which are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier, now can be stud-ied directly in the brain of awake animals.…”

Section: B H C Westerink Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Microdialysis for Monitoring Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in the Brain of Conscious Rats

Westerink

Vries

Durán³

1990

Journal of Neurochemistry

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An on-line microdialysis system was developed which monitored the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) formation in the striatum during infusion of a submicromolar concentration of an L-aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (NSD 1015). The absence of DOPA in dialysates of 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated rats and the disappearance of DOPA after administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine indicated that the dialyzed DOPA was derived from dopaminergic nerve terminals. Next we investigated whether the steady-state DOPA concentration in striatal dialysates could be considered as an index of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The increase in DOPA output after intraperitoneal administration of haloperidol or gamma-butyrolactone and the decrease in DOPA output after intraperitoneal administration of apomorphine are in excellent agreement with results of postmortem studies, in which a decarboxylase inhibitor was used to measure the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. The effect of haloperidol on DOPA formation was not visible when a U-shaped cannula (0.80 mm o.d.) was used. Some methodological problems related to microdialysis of the haloperidol-induced increase in DOPA formation are discussed. We concluded that the proposed model is a powerful and reliable in vivo method to monitor tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brain. The method is of special interest for investigating the effect of compounds which are not able to pass the blood-brain barrier. As an application of the method in the latter situation, we report the effect of infusion the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (10 mmol/L infused over 20 min) on the activity of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the central nervous system

Cited by 8 publications

References 138 publications

Distribution of transcription factor inducible cyclicAMP early repressor (ICER) in rodent brain and pituitary

Distribution of transcription factor inducible cyclicAMP early repressor (ICER) in rodent brain and pituitary

A Review of the Discovery, Pharmacological Characterization, and Behavioral Effects of the Dopamine D2‐Like Receptor Antagonist Eticlopride

Use of Microdialysis for Monitoring Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in the Brain of Conscious Rats

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