Tyson's "Glands"

Hyman, Arthur

doi:10.1001/archderm.1969.01610190037006

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Sebaceous glands can also form independently from the hair follicle and form specialized glands such as Meibomian glands of the eyelid, ectopic sebaceous gland of the glans penis [2] and Fordyce’s spots of the oral epithelium. Sebaceous glands are microscopic glands which secrete an oily substance (sebum) in the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair of animals [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGFβ signaling regulates lipogenesis in human sebaceous glands cells

et al. 2013

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BackgroundSebaceous glands are components of the skin essential for its normal lubrication by the production of sebum. This contributes to skin health and more importantly is crucial for the skin barrier function. A mechanistic understanding of sebaceous gland cells growth and differentiation has lagged behind that for keratinocytes, partly because of a lack of an in vitro model that can be used for experimental manipulation.MethodsWe have developed an in vitro culture model to isolate and grow primary human sebocytes without transformation that display functional characteristics of sebocytes. We used this novel method to probe the effect of Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling on sebocyte differentiation, by examining the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis upon treatment with TGFβ1. We also repressed TGFβ signaling through knockdown of the TGFβ Receptor II to address if the effect of TGFβ activation is mediated via canonical Smad signal transduction.ResultsWe find that activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway is necessary and sufficient for maintaining sebocytes in an undifferentiated state. The presence of TGFβ ligand triggered decreased expression in genes required for the production of characteristics sebaceous lipids and for sebocyte differentiation such as FADS2 and PPARγ, thereby decreasing lipid accumulation through the TGFβ RII-Smad2 dependent pathway.ConclusionTGFβ signaling plays an essential role in sebaceous gland regulation by maintaining sebocytes in an undifferentiated state. This data was generated using a novel method for human sebocyte culture, which is likely to prove generally useful in investigations of sebaceous gland growth and differentiation. These findings open a new paradigm in human skin biology with important implications for skin therapies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGFβ signaling regulates lipogenesis in human sebaceous glands cells

et al. 2013

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“…Smegma consists of 26.6% fat and 13.3% proteins [8]. Sebaceous gland secretion is of minor importance in the production of smegma, because varying numbers of free sebaceous glands, so-called Tyson's glands, occur only at the frenulum and adjacent coronary sulcus of the glans [2,7,9,10]. Thus, the conditions and bacterial ora in the preputial space are equal to those in skin areas that are rich in sebaceous glands, including micro-aerophilic propionibacteria, predominantly Corynebacterium acnes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and spectrum of Malassezia yeasts in the area of the prepuce and glans penis

et al. 2001

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Objective To investigate the frequency and spectrum of lipophilic Malassezia yeasts within the area of the glans penis and preputial space in healthy men, most of whom were uncircumcised. Subjects and methods As the glans penis and the prepuce are abundant in sebaceous glands, 130 clinically healthy men were examined for the presence of Malassezia spp. Two impression preparations each were made on modi®ed Dixon (mDixon) and LeemingNotman agar. The media were used with no added cycloheximide to allow the identi®cation of the full spectrum of Candida yeasts. After 10 days of incubation at 32uC Malassezia and Candida yeasts were differentiated by micromorphological and biochemical criteria. Results Malassezia spp. were found as part of the micro¯ora of the glans penis in 49% of the men.The two media yielded comparable results for isolation frequency and spectrum: On mDixon agar, 47.6% of the isolates were identi®ed as M. sympodialis, 42.8% as M. globosa, 4.8% as M. pachydermatis and 2.4% as M. furfur. Candida spp. (especially C. albicans) were found in 20.8%. There were no signi®cant differences in the distribution of different Malassezia spp with age. Conclusions Malassezia yeasts may belong to the resident micro¯ora of the male genital region, which is supported by the ®nding that free sebaceous glands (`Tyson's glands') normally occur at this site. They may also be involved in pathological processes of the glans penis, e.g. balanitis, seborrheic eczema or psoriasis.

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“…Although humans are usually described as lacking penile spines [7], a significant fraction of human males develop small white papules on the penis, variably known as Tyson's glands, papillae of the penis, acral angiofibromas, and pearly penile papules (PPP) [8-10]. Some researchers have speculated that PPP could be evolutionary vestiges of penile spines [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Penile Spine/Vibrissa Enhancer Sequence Is Missing in Modern and Extinct Humans but Is Retained in Multiple Primates with Penile Spines and Sensory Vibrissae

et al. 2013

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Previous studies show that humans have a large genomic deletion downstream of the Androgen Receptor gene that eliminates an ancestral mammalian regulatory enhancer that drives expression in developing penile spines and sensory vibrissae. Here we use a combination of large-scale sequence analysis and PCR amplification to demonstrate that the penile spine/vibrissa enhancer is missing in all humans surveyed and in the Neandertal and Denisovan genomes, but is present in DNA samples of chimpanzees and bonobos, as well as in multiple other great apes and primates that maintain some form of penile integumentary appendage and facial vibrissae. These results further strengthen the association between the presence of the penile spine/vibrissa enhancer and the presence of penile spines and macro- or micro- vibrissae in non-human primates as well as show that loss of the enhancer is both a distinctive and characteristic feature of the human lineage.

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Tyson's "Glands"

Cited by 37 publications

References 1 publication

TGFβ signaling regulates lipogenesis in human sebaceous glands cells

TGFβ signaling regulates lipogenesis in human sebaceous glands cells

Frequency and spectrum of Malassezia yeasts in the area of the prepuce and glans penis

A Penile Spine/Vibrissa Enhancer Sequence Is Missing in Modern and Extinct Humans but Is Retained in Multiple Primates with Penile Spines and Sensory Vibrissae

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